Of the various families within the Tupi trunk, the Tupí-Guaraní family is the most extensive in the number of languages and in the geographical distribution of these languages, which are found in all parts of Brazil (except for the Northeast), as well as French Guiana, Argentina, Paraguay, Bolivia, and Peru. Rodrigues has proposed 8 tentative subgroups, which are referred to by number. Other families within the Tupi trunk are concentrated in western Brazil.

Tupí-Guaraní Family

Extensive comparison and reconstruction has been done of the Tupí-Guaraní family, both in phonology and morpho-syntax.

Subgroup I (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay) Guaranian subgroup

• Caiuá
• Mbyá
• Nhandéva
• Xetá (almost extinct)
• Other languages outside Brazil: Chiriguano (Bolivian Guaraní); Guayaki (Aché); Paraguayan Guaraní

Subgroup II (Bolívia)

• Languages outside of Brazil: Guarayo; Sirionó

Subgroup III

• Kokama (Peru )
• Língua Geral Amazônica (Nheengatú)
• Língua Geral Paulista (extinct)
• Tupí (extinct)
• Tupinambá (extinct)

Subgroup IV

Tenetehára dialect cluster

• Guajajára
• Tembé

Akwáwa dialect cluster

• Asuriní do Tocantins
• Ava
• Suruí do Tocantins
• Parakanã
• Tapirapé

Subgroup V

• Arawete
• Asuriní do Xingu
• Kayabí

Subgroup VI

• Apiaká

Kawahib dialect cluster

• Juma
• Karipuna
• Parintintín
• Tenharim
• Uru-eu-wau-wau

Subgroup VII

• Kamayurá

Subgroup VIII

South of the Amazon River

• Amanayé (probably extinct)
• Anambé (almost extinct)
• Auré-Aurá
• Guajá
• Kaapor
• Takunyape (extinct)
• Turiwara (probably extinct)

North of the Amazon River

• Emerillon (French Guiana)
• Waiãpi (Brazil, French Guiana)
• Zo'e (Paturu)

Other Families (non-Tupí-Guaraní)

Arikém Family

• Karitiána

Jurúna Family

• Jurúna

Mondé Family

• Aruá
• Cinta-Larga
• Gavião
• Mekém
• Mondé
• Suruí
• Zoró

Mundurukú Family

• Kuruáya
  
• Mundurukú

Ramaráma Family

• Káro

Tuparí Family

• Makuráp
• Tuparí
• Wayoró

Awetí Family

• Awetí

Puruborá Family

• Puruborá

Mawé Family

• Sateré-Mawé

Bibliography

By non-SIL authors

Lemle, Miriam, 1971, Internal classification of the Tupi-Guarani linguistic family. In David Bendor-Samuel (ed.), Tupi Studies I. 107-129. Normal: Summer Institute of Linguistics of the University of Oklahoma.

Laraia, Roque de Barros, 1971, A Estrutura do Parentesco Tupi (in Portuguese, 100 kiB), Estudos Sobre Línguas e Culturas Indígenas: 174-212.

Rodrigues, Aryon D., 1984/1985, Relações internas na família lingüística Tupí-Guaraní. Revista de Antropologia. 27/28: 33-53. São Paulo.

By SIL authors

Derbyshire, Desmond, 1994, Clause subordination and nominalization in Tupí-Guaraní and Cariban languages. Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios Etnoling:uisticos. Vol. VIII.: Lingüística Tupi-Guarani/Caribe. Ignacio Prado, editor & director. Lima, Peru. Pp. 179-198.

Dooley, Robert, 1992, Guaranian languages. International Encyclopedia of Linguistics. Ed. by William Bright. New York: Oxford University Press. Vol. 2:94-96.

Jensen, Cheryl, 1987, Object-prefix Incorporation in Proto Tupí-Guaraní Verbs. Language Sciences. 9(1): 45-56.

———, 1990, Cross-referencing changes in some Tupí-Guaraní languages. Amazonian Linguistics: Studies in Lowland South American Languages. Doris L. Payne (ed.). Pp. 117-158. Austin: University of Texas Press.

———, 1992, Tupian Languages. International Encyclopedia of Linguistics. Ed. by William Bright. New York: Oxford University Press. Vol. 4:182-185.

———, 1997, Coreferential marking in Tupí-Guaraní languages. Paper presented at the XIII International Conference of Historical Linguistics. Dusseldorf, Germany. August 10-15, 1997.

———, 1998, The use of coreferential and reflexive markers in Tupi-Guarani languages. Journal of Amazonian Languages. Daniel L. Everett, Editor. University of Pittsburgh, Department of Linguistics. 1(2): 1-49.

Priest, Perry, 1987, A Contribuion to Comparative Studies in the Guarani Linguistic Family. Language Sciences. 9(1): 17-20.