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Notes on Anthropology
 

Complete Table of Contents

Notes on Anthropology (1985-1987)

Number 1 (March 1985)

Front Matter
Editorial, by Karl J. Franklin
The American Anthropological Association Meetings held in Denver, Colorado: November 14, 18, 1984, by Carol McKinney
Narcotics, vitality, and honor: The use of narcotic drink among the Samo of Papua New Guinea 1, by R. Daniel Shaw
Introduction
Samo vitality and ceremony
Male vitality and kava use
Kava: Distribution, use, and effects
Conclusion
Back Matter
References
On recording ethnographic field notes, by Thomas N. Headland
Music in cross-cultural communication, by Vida Chenoweth
The role of shaman stones, by Carolyn Orr
Introduction
Description
Acquisition of the stones
Owner's responsibility to his stones
Activities of the stone
Countermeasures to stone protection
Summary
Back Matter
References
Towards understanding Téén values, by Esther Petermann
Methodology
Questions 1, 2, 29, and 30
Questions 3 to 5
Questions 7 and 8
Questions 9 through 13
Questions 14 through 16
Question 18
Question 19
Questions 20 and 21
Questions 23 and 24
Conclusions
Survival of the family
Material goods and subsistence
Emotional health and maintenance of the established order
Back Matter
Appendix
References
Review: The spoken word and the work of interpretation, by Ted Engel

Number 2 (June 1985)

Front Matter
Why anthropology?, by Karl J. Franklin
Outline of Islam, by David Maranz
Islam in Senegal
Islam is not a monolith
Practicing the Islamic faith in Senegal
Roles of mosque and mission
Feast days
The process of islamization
Conclusion
Duties, laws, beliefs, and divisions
Profession of faith 'shahadah'
Duties 'arkan al-din'
Responsibilities--Islamic law
Beliefs
The divisions within Islam
Islam and Christianity
Differences
The human condition
Why do so few Muslims become Christians?
Popular Islam
What are we to do?
The Word of God
Back Matter
Appendix
References
Ethnomusicology misjudged?, by Duane Clouse
Back Matter
Reference
Guilt and shame in cross-cultural perspective, by Margarethe Chávez
The nature and meaning of shame and guilt
Socio-religious phenomena
Definitions of guilt and shame
The function of conscience and its relationship to guilt and shame
Principles of socialization that lead to guilt- or shame-orientation
The dynamics of shame as manifested in overt behavior
The avoidance of shame situations
Reactions to shame
Avoidance of shaming others
Use of shame as a social sanction
Back Matter
References
Australian culture: Observations on its development and distinctives, by David Early
Historical context and culture
Aspects of Australian historical development
Convicts, emancipists, and colonial born
Authorities and free settlers
The land
The Aussie battler and mateship
Unionism
Christianity in Australia
New nationalism
Global awareness and prejudice
Motivation
Respect
Levelling
Self-disclosure
Negative expression
Knocking
Attitude of service
The work ethic
Standards
Regulation
Economic stereotypes
Nonownership of ideas
Conclusion
Back Matter
References
Cham script in a revival movement, by Doris E. Blood
Cham script
Cham educational program
Revitalization movement
The beginning
The symbol
The revitalization process
Results of the revitalization movement
Implications of other cultural changes
Back Matter
References

Number 3 (September 1985)

Front Matter
Editorial, by Ted Engel
Australian culture: Observation on its development and distinctives, by David Early
Report of Latin America area and consultants' meeting (Brasilia, July 1985), by Helen L. Neuenswander
Evidence 1
Evidence 2
Evidence 3
The Pokomchi market, by Ted Engel
Back Matter
References
First international colloquium of Mayanists: (Mexico City, August 1985), by Helen L. Neuenswander
Outline of Islam, by David Maranz
Report on trip to West Africa, by Larry Yost
The Senegal branch (March 1--10, 1985)
Objectives and methods
Burkina Faso (March 11--15, 1985)
Methodology
Agency visits
Banfora and Niangoloko visits
Recommendations
Ghana (March 16--26, 1985)
Working towards objectives
Visits to translation locations
Agency visits
Talks with translation teams and others in Tamale
Togo (March 26--31, 1985)
Objectives for Togo
Conflict between Gan Gam and Tchokossi
Villages taken or threatened to be taken by the game park
Visit to the Braille literacy class and program office
Ivory Coast (March 31--April 5, 1985)
Visit to language locations
Community development lectures
Time with administration
Meeting with literacy coordinator
Demythologization of Cayapa folk tales, by Ruth Wiebe
Introduction
The origin, shape, function and destiny of the universe
Cosmic events
Origin of evil spirits
Origin, behavior, and destiny of man
Relationship of God and man
Relationship of men and spirits
Relationship between men
Illness, health, and healing
Conclusion
Back Matter
References
Review: People of the desert and the sea, by Rodney G. Engard
Report and evaluation of the Brazil branch anthropology seminar, by E. Margaret Sheffler

Number 4 (December 1985)

Front Matter
Editorial, by Elinor Abbot
Land chieftainship among the Gangam, by Bonnie Walker
The land chief
Early migrations
Present conflict
Responsibilities of land chiefs
The spirit world
God
The devil
Ancestral spirits
Bush spirits
Religious specialists
A house inauguration
Conclusions
Back Matter
References
Some impressions of the Anyi spirit world, by Harriet Hill
Beings
The Creator God
The devil
Bush spirits
The human spirit
Mission and death of the human spirit
Wanderings of the human spirit
The place of the dead
Temporary visits to the place of the dead
Confession and accusation at death
Visitors from the dead
Religious specialists
Mediums
Becoming a medium
Séances
Healers
Diviners
Sorcerers
Nonspecialists
Communication with ancestor spirits
Communication with bush spirits
Charms
Conclusions
Back Matter
References
Personal names in Sanvi Anyi, by Jonathan L. Burmeister and Anoh Kouao
Names associated with circumstances of birth
Day names
Names relating to multiple births
Names relating to birth order
Names relating to infant mortality
Names relating to sterility
Other significant names
Legal names
Patrilineal names
The naming ceremony
French names
Nicknames
Congratulatory names
Use of names
Back Matter
References
Review: Anthropological insights for missionaries, by Paul G. Hiebert

Number 5 (March 1986)

Front Matter
Editorial, by Karl J. Franklin
The research interview method: A tool for getting at culture, by Thomas N. Headland
Pitfalls in the method
Respondents' candidness
Choosing the sample
Avoiding bias
Purpose
Back Matter
References
An evaluation of responses of the Mofu-Gudur to the Headland questionnaire, by Kenneth R. Hollingsworth
Introduction
The questionnaire
The cultural setting
Research methodology
The four areas of inquiry
1. What is important?
2. What is a good person?
3. What would shame a Mofu?
4. What causes conflicts?
Themes and conclusion
Back Matter
Appendix A. Profile of respondents
Appendix B. The questionnaire
Appendix C. Suggestions for use of the questionnaire
References
Skulls, gods, and revenge in Bamileke, by Stephen C. Anderson
Introduction
Text: The skull and the sacred place
Interpretation
Implications
Back Matter
References
Numbers 6/7 (June/September 1986)
Front Matter
Editorial, by Karl J. Franklin
Islam and the structure of religious phenomenology: Developing a sympathetic point of view, by Lynn Charles Bauman
Introduction
A structuralist approach
Part 1
A structural model of religious phenomena
The relationship between the three primary structures
Part 2
Application of the structural model to the religion of Islam
Conclusion
Back Matter
Reference
Unicorns and “hidden peoples”, by Karl J. Franklin
Introduction
Visions, dreams, and interpretations
Some fictitious hidden peoples
Language groups: Are they real or imagined?
Inside or outside strategies?
Religious categories
The emic view
Conclusion
Back Matter
References
Symbolism and sacramentalism, by Susanne Hargrave
Introduction
The encounter between traditional aboriginal religion and Christianity
Some guidelines for the study of religious symbols
Further questions to explore
Christian symbols and sacraments
Symbolism and missionary methods
Back Matter
References
Implications in Western psychocultural studies for cross-cultural mental pathologies and therapies, by George Jennings
Introduction
An Islamic view of health
Middle Eastern folk psychiatry
Local concepts of the mind and its disturbances
Terms
Causes
Psychiatry
The normal personality
Native treatment
Magical therapy
Religious therapy
Cultural psychiatry in the Middle East
Nosology
Incidence and prevalence
The expression of mental pathology
Depression and suicide
Sexual problems
Addiction and habituation
Delinquency and crime
Cultural therapy
Conclusion
Back Matter
References
Worldview and Bible translation, by Charles H. Kraft
Introduction
Perspective and definitions
Internal structuring of worldviews
Worldview functions and universals
Contrasting worldviews
Some implications of worldview theory for Bible translation
Translators as products of their culture
Understanding Biblical worldviews
Understanding the target culture
Conclusion
Back Matter
References
Retention of traditional religious beliefs by Bajju Christians 1, by Carol McKinney
Traditional religious beliefs
Sample
Results of the interview schedule
Discussion
Back Matter
References
Ethnolinguistics and Bible translation: A diachronic case study: Fiji, by A. R. Tippett
Historical preamble
Adapting cannabalistic and magical terms for translation
The sacrificial system and the recovery of normality
The Christian impact on the Fijian language
Back Matter
Appendix. The Fijian concept of man as an active being and the linguistic capacity for ethical expansion
References
Review: Participant observation, by Wes Beasley
Back Matter
Appendix. Reports from work groups
Working with Muslims
World view
Ethical issues

Number 8 (December 1986)

Front Matter
From the editor, by Karl J. Franklin
Missions and anthropology, by Paul G. Hiebert
Introduction
The early years: Gods or beasts?
The middle decades: Unity and variety
The current revolution
Humanness
Unity and variety
Epistemology
Back Matter
References
SIL anthropology, 1970--1985, by Bill Merrifield
Introduction
SIL anthropology as training
SIL anthropology as research
SIL anthropology as education
SIL anthropology as advocacy
Final remarks
Back Matter
References
Anthropological training in SIL, by Charles Henry Bradley
Summaries
Working group proposals
Back Matter
Reference
Is culture substantive or methodological?, by Roger Spielmann
Introduction
A cultural exchange
A cultural analysis
Other examples
Conclusion
Back Matter
References
Purdah, by Susan Jeffery
Introduction and historical note
Residential restrictions
The burqa
Social restrictions
Implications and values
The future
Back Matter
References

Number 9 (March 1987)

Front Matter
From the editor, by Charles Henry Bradley
The God of the sky: The supreme God concept among the Eastern Sudanic peoples of southern Sudan, by Jonathan E. Arensen
Introduction
Sources
Background
Names of the supreme God
The abode of God
Manifestations of God
The oneness of God
God as creator
Attributes of God
Communication between God and man
Conclusion
Back Matter
References
Whirlwinds, rainbows, and lightning in Baka belief, by Carla Parker
Introduction
Background: The Baka people
Baka cosmological concepts
Whirlwinds
Rainbows
Lightning
Change
Back Matter
References
Nyekimwomor: An age-set ceremony among the Toposa of Sudan, by Martin Schroder
Introduction
Description of events
Prologue: Preparations
Act 1: Ngajul
Act 2: Nyalimor
Act 3: Nyekimwomor
Epilogue: Nyaporokin
Conclusion
Back Matter
References
Review: Bonding and the missionary task: Establishing a sense of belonging, by Kent Gordon
Review: Culture contact and language convergence, by Kenneth Gregerson

Number 10 (June 1987)

Front Matter
From the editor, by Charles Henry Bradley
The Supyire pantheon: A comparison with the Central Senufo pantheon, by Joyce Carlson
Introduction
The deity
The ancestors
Malignant spirits
Bush spirits
Roles of men and women
Bambara influences
Conclusion
Back Matter
References
The protective spirits of the Tem, by Ina De Craene
Introduction
The Tem spirit world
Spirits of the ancestors
The resembling ancestors
Manifestations of resembling ancestors
Spirits of nature
Village protective spirits
Sacrifice to a village protector
River spirits
River spirit consultation and sacrifice
Household spirits
Household spirit consultation and sacrifice
Beneficial uses of spirit power
Diviners, mediums, and herbalists
Sorcery
Soul-eating
Soul-hiding
Discovering a sorcerer
Conclusion
Back Matter
References
Adioukrou social structure, by Harriet Hill
Introduction
The patriclan
The matriclan
The age grade system
Male initiation
Female initiation
Initiation into the group of the retired
Initiation into the society of the rich
Community projects
The church
Conclusion
Back Matter
References

Number 11 (September 1987)

Front Matter
From the editor, by Charles Henry Bradley
Marriage customs among the Supyire, by Joyce Carlson
Introduction
General remarks about Supyire society in relation to marriage
Pre-wedding activities
The wedding
Post-wedding activities
Giving the kitchen
Generalizations and summary
Back Matter
References
Tem beliefs surrounding rivers and water people, by Ina De Craene
Conclusion
Changing patterns of authority over children among the Western Nzema, by Egya-Blay
Introduction
Father's authority and the patrilocal compound
Authority in the matriclan
Traditional beliefs concerning authority
The exercise of authority
Modern trends
The biological basis of authority
Migration to the cities
The authority of gods and ancestors
Succession and inheritance
Conclusion
Back Matter
References
Are you doing anthropology research or not?, by Harriet Hill
Conclusion
Health and the gods in contemporary Nzema thought, by Hilary M. Rowson
The problem of personal health
Community health problems
The cholera pandemic
Cholera comes to West Africa
Cholera comes to Elubo
The deluge
Review: A sampling of Philippines kinship patterns, by Bill Merrifield
Back Matter
References
Review: Upper Tanudan Kalinga texts, by Bill Merrifield

Number 12 (December 1987)

Front Matter
From the editor, by Charles Henry Bradley
Critical contextualization *, by Paul G. Hiebert
Introduction
Early responses to the question
The era of noncontextualization
Rise of colonialism
The theory of cultural evolution
The triumph of science
The intellectual consequences of “noncontextualization”
The case for contextualization
Post-colonialism
Phenomenology, structural functionalism, linguistics, and new anthropology
Post-modern science
Implications for contextualization
Critical contextualization
Interdependence
Theoretical complementarity
Beyond post-modern science
Critical contextualization
Checks against syncretism
Back Matter
References
Some observations on Kara group decisions, by Perry Schlie
Introduction
The discussion context
Formulating the problem
Deeper concerns
Formulating a “solution”
Jula class distinctions in Côte d'Ivoire, by Fritz Goerling
Introduction
Antecedents of the present social system
The h&u0254;r&u0254;n
The nyamakala
The j&u0254;n
Jula expansion in West Africa
The Jula social system in Côte d'Ivoire
The h&u0254;r&u0254;n in the social system
The j&u0254;n in the social system
Names and alliances
The social system in modern times
Conclusion
Back Matter
References
Review: Social context and proclamation, by Karl J. Franklin
Review: Worldview and the communication of the gospel, by Harriet Hill
Bibliography of Review Articles
Brainard 1985
Brewster and Brewster 1982
Elkins and Hendrickson 1984
Felger and Moser 1985
Filbeck 1985
Hiebert 1985
Kraft 1978
Pallesen 1985
Spradley 1979
Tedlock 1983

Notes on Anthropology and Intercultural Community Work (1994 - 1997)

Number 13 (January 1994)

Front Matter
From the editor, by Charles Henry Bradley
The Huichol and modern medicine *, by Joseph E. Grimes
Indigenous medicine
Modern medicine and its sociological aspects
A comparison of Western and Papua New Guinean leadership styles, by Richard E. Loving
Attributes of Western leaders
Work-related characteristics
Talents in relating to followers
Character traits
Managerial abilities
Task-related skills
Other important leadership traits
Summary of attributes of Western leaders
Attributes of Papua New Guinean leaders
Work-related characteristics
Talents in relating to followers
Character traits
Managerial abilities
Task-related skills
Other important leadership traits
Summary of attributes of Papua New Guinean leaders
Cultural distinctives
Differences in leadership styles
Cross-cultural application
Conclusion
Back Matter
References
Review: Transculturation, the cultural factor in translation and other communication tasks, by Carol McKinney
Review: Family ties--genealogy program, by Rachel Landin and David Landin

Number 14 (April 1994)

Front Matter
From the editor, by Charles Henry Bradley
The care and feeding of anthropological science: Toward a methodology for SIL fieldworkers *, by Alex Bolyantz
Causes, functions, and explanations
Facts, data, and evidence
Scientific methodology and Participant observation
Participant observation in an SIL context
Conclusion
Back Matter
References
A comparison of the culture of the Yao people in China and Thailand, by Yao Shun An
The relationship between migration and culture
A comparison of Yao villages and houses
Differences between Thai and Chinese Yao dress
The “Emperor Ping's document”
Conclusion
An introductory study of music among the Kera, by Mary Pearce
Instruments
Wind instruments
Drums
Strings
Church instruments
Use of music in festivals and village life
Festivals
Funerals
Work and village songs
Use of music in the church
Characteristics of Kera music
Conclusion
Back Matter
Appendixes: Examples of church songs
Appendix I
Appendix II
Appendix III
Appendix IV
Appendix V
Appendix VI
Appendix VII

Number 15 (July 1994)

Front Matter
From the editor, by Charles Henry Bradley
Changing authority patterns among the Chachilla 1, by Neil Wiebe
The deer and the toad
The setting: Chachi authority patterns in 1910 and 1960
The challenge: Recent developments
The chaitala
The uñi
The plan
Conclusion
Back Matter
References
Why analyze folktales? or what Came the female cannibal taught me, by Joyce K. Sterner
Analytical methods
Narrative styles
Cultural insights
Significance of the narrative to the cultures
Irianese/Papuan cultural elements
Translation applications
World view implications
Conclusion
Back Matter
References
Appendix 1: Sobei version of the Came legend
Introduction
Text
Appendix 2: Propp's 31 functions
Number 16 (October 1994) [TOC]
Front Matter
From the editor, by Charles Henry Bradley
Toward a model for the evaluation of the cultural strength of various musics, by Brian E. Schrag
Overview of the model
The interrelated complexity of the world of musics
Visibility: Who knows each music?
Transmission: How is each music known?
Power relationships: The unequal nature of the world of musics
Application of the model
Step 1: Define boundaries of study
Step 2: Determine and describe musics involved
Determining the cultural strength of a music
Four criteria
Step 3: Evaluate the cultural strength of each music
Conclusions and recommendations
Step 4: Use results to inform strategies for encouragement of musics
Model of cultural strength of a music
Back Matter
References
An experimental approach to developing music literacy in central Zaire, by Peter Jorgensen
Cultural background: Motivation for the project
Analysis of the traditional music system
Proposed notation system
Exciting--but premature--conclusion of the project
Issues yet to be resolved
Cultural crisis and ideal values in cultural change among the Matses of eastern Peru *, by Harriet Kneeland
Introduction
Traditional ideal values
Banana feast as symbolic representation of ideal goal
Matses system of ideal values
Matses social structure and needs
Cultural crisis, warfare, and scarcity of women
Crisis and response
Result of the response
Return to ideal values
Back Matter
References

Number 17 (January 1995)

Front Matter
From the editor, by Charles Henry Bradley
Intercultural community work and program planning: Same or different?, by Doris Porter
The big picture
What is intercultural community work?
What is program planning?
The ICW specialist and the program planner
The overlap of ICW and program planning
Recommendations for interfacing
Summary
Back Matter
References
Building an ICW perspective into SIL field projects, by Raymond G. Gordon
Introduction
Language learning
Relationships
Involvement
Identification
Commitment
Accomplishment
Results
Uses of the model
The relevance of intercultural community work to nontraditional thrusts of SIL, by Alan R. Pence
What are the kinds of situations we are moving into or want to move into?
Challenges in current situation
How governments expect to work
What are the characteristics SIL projects might have as a result of moving into such environments?
What are some ICW principles and which ones have we followed?
SIL use of ICW principles in the past
What changes should be made in order to more fully implement ICW principles in new work?
Expanding the community base
Solving the right problems
Seeing the whole man
Planning for self-sustaining work
Can ICW projects be considered a tool in our approach to governments?
Working in country X, by John Smith
Community involvement: The proving ground *, by Stephen A. Lynip
Introduction
The risks of caring
Orphaned projects
Failure to achieve moral progress
Secularization
Focus on process
Personal relationships
Solving problems
Action and reflection
Contextualizing literacy
Conclusion
Back Matter
References
Pressing patrons with proverbs: Talking drums at the Tamale markets 1, by Paul Neeley and Abdullai Seidu
Genesis and distribution of drum proverbs in Dagbon
Examples of drummed proverbs: Linguistic, musical, personal, and metaphorical relations
Example 1
Example 2
Example 3
Example 4
Example 5
Example 6
Example 7
Linguistic conclusions 6
Musical conclusions
Closing comments on the drummed proverbs
Back Matter
References

Number 18 (April 1995)

Front Matter
From the editor, by Charles Henry Bradley
Training in the SIL context, by Karl J. Franklin
Introduction
Current training concerns
Training in applied linguistics
Suggestions for training programs
Presuppositions concerning national training
Conclusion
Intercultural community work training: An assessment, by Brent I. Brantley
Introduction
Personal training overview
Two areas of training needs
Suggestions for ICW training
Entry evaluation
Realistic interaction
Practical empowerment
Conclusion
Back Matter
References
My role and training as an ICW specialist, by Steve Mann
Introduction
Roles in ICW
Training and background
Evaluation of ICW training
The ICW specialist role: Searching for a niche in Senegal, by Joseph Fry
Introduction
Rural development in a Senegalese context
Community development rationale in the Senegal branch
Prefield preparation of the branch ICW specialist team
Moving from ICW theory into practice
Conclusion
Community development through indigenous leadership, by Dennis Olson
Introduction
The Aguaruna development program
Leadership among the Aguaruna
Two types of leadership
Leaders with different skills
Solving problems through familiar concepts
Roles of the various entities involved in the ICW process
The role of the community
The role of indigenous leadership
The role of the ICW specialist
Aguaruna leadership at work with the ICW specialist
Conclusion
Review: And thus became man and world, by Kenneth A. McElhanon
Review: Fieldwork in developing countries, by Carol V. McKinney

Number 19 (July 1995)

Front Matter
From the International Anthropology Department--Dallas, by Barbara Moore
Team philosophy and cross-cultural workers: Maximizing the benefits, by Hugh Tracy
Introduction
The team concept
Reasons for working in teams
Team commitment
Attitudes of team members
Management of teams
Team building
Time constraints
Types of teams in SIL
Areas of challenge
Possible contact points
Eight characteristics of successful teams
Conclusion
Back Matter
References
East meets West in business meetings *, by Joe Kok
Differences between West and East
Different expectations
Different concepts of leadership
The committee chairman
Recommendations
The team approach, by David J. Weber
Introduction
The traditional way: The tribal approach
How strongly are we tied to the tribal approach?
The tribal approach in other contexts
The alternative: The team approach
Rationale for adopting a team approach
Sharing the burden
Continuity in programs
Specialization
Effective use of personnel
Nonmember co-workers
Flexibility
More limited goals
Exploiting similarities
Spreading innovations
Projects that span various dialects
The feasibility of one team per dialect
Indeterminacy in the dialect situation
Elements that make the team approach work
On-field orientation and training
A shift in the way assignments are made
Survey and historical linguistics
Temporary allocations and changing dialects
Fostering the collective consciousness
Cooperative endeavors
Challenges for a team approach
Personnel
Administration
Conclusion
Review: The skilled facilitator: practical wisdom for developing effective groups, by Hugh Tracy

Number 20 (October 1995)

It's all relative, isn't it?: Cultural relativism revisited, by David Beine
Introduction
The founding of cultural relativism
Cultural relativism reevaluated
Cultural relativism: A moral dilemma
Cultural relativism revisited
Theory affected by biases
Development of human universals
Cultural relativism swept aside
A new model proposed
The pragmatic principle
The humanistic principle
Conclusion
Back Matter
References
Team development in SIL, by Michael Ray
Introduction
Teamwork in SIL and abandoned field programs
Partnership failures
Review of literature
The necessity of teams
Stages of team development
Critical areas of team development
The team and the organization
Conclusion
Back Matter
References
The impact of culture on multicultural team development, by Sandi Ray
Introduction
Definition of team
Team development
Stage 1: Convening
Stage 2: Crisis
Stage 3: Cohesion
Conclusion
Back Matter
References
The stranger's eyes 1, by Joyce Carlson
Reflections on “The stranger's eyes” from the viewpoint of ICW/CD, by Hugh Tracy
Question 1
Question 2
Question 3
Question 4
Question 5
Question 6
Question 7
Question 8
Question 9
Question 10
Question 11
Question 12

Number 21 (January 1996)

Catalyzing creativity: Nurturing a dying music through apprenticeship, by Brian E. Schrag
Friendship and nurture
Kundi apprenticeship
Explaining the process of nurture
Nurture through analysis and catalysis
The mechanics of musical catalysis
Conclusion
Back Matter
References
Postmodernism and reason in the balance, by Thomas N. Headland
Introduction
Modernism
Reason in the balance
Defining postmodernism
Some basic doctrines of postmodernism
Some predictions of what postmodernity may look like
Is postmodernity good for Christianity?
Back Matter
References
Evaluating research methodology *, by Barbara Moore
The interview as a speech event
Assumptions/problems
The place of the interview in cross-cultural research
Case studies
Conclusion
Some notes on teaching in non-Western cultures, by Mark Wannemacher
Back Matter
Reference
Review: How real people ought to live: The Cashinahua of Eastern Peru, by Thomas N. Headland
Back Matter
References
Review: Darwin on trial, by Carol V. McKinney
Back Matter
References

Number 22 (April 1996)

Coca and the Mountain: Observations into the worldview of the Quechua of Panao, by Terry P. Smith
Introduction
The Quechua of Panao
Searching out Panao Quechua templates
The Mountain
The Mountain as a material and spiritual reality
Origin of the Mountain
The heart of the Mountain
Feeding the Mountain
Protection for crops and animals
Safety in travel
Security for the home
Benevolence for special events
Rescuing the spirit
The Mountain, an agent of sickness
Offending the Mountain
Mountain sickness
Protection from the Mountain
Protection for the defenseless
Coca
Coca, a source of debate
Coca's source of power
Coca, a source of revenue
Coca as a source of strength
Coca as a source of information
Individual use of coca
Casual use of coca
Expert use of coca
Coca, a source of health
Components of the Panao Quechua world view
Conclusion
Back Matter
References
Religious worldview in an African village: Anthropological research serving the church, by T. Wayne Dye
Overview
Purpose
Goals
Brief history of the project
Parameters
Phases
Methods
Objectivity
Terminology
Trust
Progression
Purpose: Learn the religious beliefs
Handling the data
The categories of ATR in Central Africa
Zande religious concepts
Evil beings and substances
Items of protection from evil attack
People with power to help
Spirits (atoro)
The Supreme God (mboli)
Evil ghosts (gbegbere atoro)
Harmless ghosts (zaburu)
Conclusion
Traditional religious terms in the Central Africa Republic 9
Back Matter
References
A module on worldview, by Thomas N. Headland
WV can be described in two ways
1. The ethnographic model of WV: (The “bottom-up” way)
2. The philosophical-theological model of WV (the “top-down” way)
Number 23 (August 1996) [TOC]
Does cultural relativism undermine human rights? 1, by Thomas N. Headland
The paradox
Two challenges
Challenge 1
Challenge 2
Civilization gone rotten?
Can we be good without God? 6
An example: Human rights and the abortion controversy
Can people of religion contribute to human rights questions?
Back Matter
References
Emic postmodernism, by Perry L. Blackburn
Introduction
Postmodernism in anthropology and in critique of anthropology
Is there room for postmodern Christianity?
Conclusion
Back Matter
References
How can we use indigenous knowledge systems?, by Hugh Tracy
Indigenous knowledge systems
IKS affecting other development topics
Problems of integrating Western and indigenous knowledge systems
Some constraints of IKS and WKS
The ownership of IKS
Intellectual property rights
The strategy of farmers' rights
Other options
Application of IK to Intercultural Community Work
Application of IK to SIL language programs
Conclusion
Back Matter
References
Other useful resources
Review *: Nurturing doubt: From Mennonite missionary to anthropologist in the Argentine Chaco, by Thomas N. Headland
Back Matter
References

Number 24 (November 1996)

Oral traditions: A key to understanding the community 1, by Carol V. McKinney
Founding charters
A dynamic approach in oral traditions
Metaphors in narratives, including the trickster
Words--sacred and nonsacred
Oral wisdom literature
Oral traditions as performance
Oral traditions as social control and commentary
Discussion
Back Matter
References
Where and how to apply to graduate school: A personal testimony, by Brian M. Howell
Front Matter
An editorial note from Tom Headland
Back Matter
References
The longest eight days: The role of funerals in Kouya social and economic life 1, by Eddie Arthur
Introduction
Funeral stages
Announcement of the death
Displaying the body
The women arrive
Grieving
Sorcery
Children
Burial
Intermission
Ceremony of the eighth day 5
Ongoing ceremonies
Role of women
Distribution of possessions
Significance of funerals in the life of the Kouya
Ritual significance
Social significance
Financial significance
Back Matter
References
Globalism and self-determination: A review article, by Robert B. Lloyd
Review: Missionaries, anthropologists, and human rights, by George L. Huttar
Review: Echoes of the call, by Thomas N. Headland
Back Matter
References

Number 25 (March 1997)

Developmental change and cultural rules, by Herbert W. Butler
Introduction
Goals, rules, and behavior
Mossi culture
Foreign aid and the Mossi: A general view
Rules and development projects
Cereal banks
Fuel-efficient cooking stoves
Concluding remarks
Back Matter
References
Further bibliography on the Mossi people
A summary of IfE$ music in relation to church use 1, by Patricia Devine
Introduction
Songs
Solo songs without dancing
Solo songs with a choral refrain
Game songs
Dances
Social dances
Specialized dances
Traditional religious dances
Conclusion
Endangered languages and SIL's role in recording rare data for posterity, by Thomas N. Headland
Comments on anthropology workshops, by Doris E. Blood
Front Matter
From the editor
Dan Shaw, Fuller Seminary
Wayne and Sally Dye
Understanding specific cultural traits
Training supplemental to prefield anthropology courses
Practical help in culture discovery
Sue Harris, Malaysia branch
Constance Naish, North America branch
Pat Townsend, SUNY Buffalo
Barbara Moore, Dallas
Review: Amazon stranger, by Thomas N. Headland
Back Matter
Reference
Other bibliographic references on Borman
Review: How societies remember, by Gillian F. Hansford

Number 26 (May 1997)

A process to guide decision making for development activities in language programs, by Larry Yost and Hugh Tracy
Suggested guidelines for development activities
Principles for intercultural community work 1
Principle 1: Start where the people are.
Principle 2: Introduce new ideas only after relationships and confidence have been established, and show how these new ideas contribute to the solving of problems the group already recognizes (Green 1976).
Principle 3: Keep the program simple and uncomplicated with only one or two major thrusts at a time. it is better to teach one new idea to 100 farmers than to teach 100 new ideas to one farmer (Green 1976).
Principle 4: Involve as many community people as possible in all activities from the start. Do not plan to do it yourself first, then turn it over to the people later because they may refuse to become involved or to take over the project.
Principle 5: Conduct training in the village, or as close to home as possible, rather than bring persons out of their home communities for long periods of time (Yost 1977).
Principle 6: Train in locally acceptable facilities and formats, using locally acceptable methodologies (Yost 1978).
Principle 7: Train trainers who can train others. It is the only way to multiply your own efforts. “Give a man a fish and you are helping him a little for a very short while; teach him the act of fishing and he can help himself for life; and if he teaches others, many are helped” (Green 1976).
Principle 8: Identify and involve local leadership, both existing and emerging. To have indigenous institutions, it is necessary to have local leadership. The identification, encouragement, and training of local leadership is a central feature of community development since the ultimate responsibility for continuing development rests with the local citizen (Yost 1979).
Principle 9: Cooperate with the local, regional, and national governments (Yost 1978).
Principle 10: Encourage interdependent relationships (among community people and between communities) rather than dependent or totally independent relationships (Yost 1978).
Personal references
Development policy of SIL
1. Community development
2. Program focus
3. Methods
4. Ethical concerns
5. Special concerns
6. Guidelines for program development
7. Funding
8. Evaluation
Grasping the concept: Emics and etics in physical anthropology, by Henry F. Davis
Introduction
Origins
Meanings
Emic/etic and physical anthropology
Conclusion
Back Matter
References
Review: Parallel worlds 1, by Paul Neeley
Review: Defilement, moral purity, and transgressive power, by Dan Fast
Back Matter
Reference
Review: Darwin's black box, by Thomas N. Headland
Behe's irreducible complexity
Behe's model: Intelligent design

Number 27 (September 1997)

Front Matter
From the Editor
Kayapó kinship and two-way radios 1, by Isabel I. Murphy
Introduction
Kayapó access to two-way radio technology (historical)
The Kayapó two-way radio network system
The Kayapó territorial defense system
Two-way radios, leadership, and kinship
Village politics and two-way radios
Two-way radios and Kayapó kinship
Discussion
Conclusion
Back Matter
References
Ethnographic questions for field workers, by Joseph E. Grimes
The questions
Education of the Mossi, by Herbert W. Butler
Knives to razors: Female circumcision among the Supyire of Southern Mali 1, by Miranda Jemphrey
So what did I see?
Tuesday, 21 December 1993, 9:00 A.M.
Thursday, 23 December 1993, 9:00 A.M.
Excision over the past 50 years
Changes in the practice
Lapse of time between excision and marriage
The practitioners and the instruments
Isolation at the time of excision
Remnants of the excision ceremony still practised on the wedding day
New and old mats
Why have these changes happened?
Why is excision important to the Supyire?
Excision in Africa
The current debate
Conclusion
Back Matter
Appendix: Two songs about excision
References
Review: The battle of beginnings: Why neither side is winning the creation-evolution debate, by Thomas N. Headland
Reply to Dan Fast's review of Defilement, moral purity, and transgressive power: The symbolism of filth in Aguaruna Jívaro culture, by Robert Joseph Priest

Number 28 (December 1997)

Front Matter
Announcement, by Barbara Moore
New ICW (Intercultural Community Work) Coordinator
On cultural relativism, ethics, and the concept of culture, by Robert L. Canfield
Back Matter
References
Mipa: Explaining riddles of birth in an Andean village, by Melanie Floyd
Introduction
Wanca Quechua pregnancy beliefs
The mipa concept
Examples of mipa
Mipa affecting the cry
Mipa affecting physical appearance
Mipa affecting feeding and holding
Mipa affecting the birth
Mipa-like concepts in other societies
Food taboos
Maternal impressions
Marking a baby
Curing: The uliway concept
Examples of curing
Mipa as imitative magic
Conclusion
Back Matter
References
Tables
Proverbs as insight into worldview, by Katie Peacock
Proverbs as they relate to elders
Using proverbs
Suggestions for researching proverbs
Review: Defeating Darwinism by opening minds, by Elinor Abbot
Review: A trout in the milk: A critique of the myth of the peaceful savage--a review of 'War before civilization', by Thomas N. Headland

Notes on Anthropology (1998 - present)

Volume 2, Numbers 1--2 (July 1998)

Front Matter
From the Coordinator, by Barbara Moore
Column: Community Development corner, by Roland W. Walker
Column: Ethnomusicology, by Thomas Avery
Good sites for research links
http://www.lib.washington.edu/libinfo/libunits/sochum/music/world.html
http://www.asan.com/users/dweber/
http://www.rain.org/~towle/music/world/
http://www.rain.org/~towle/music/musiclinks.html
Column: Language Learning, by Carol J. Orwig
Column: LinguaLinks Anthropology, by David Wakefield
The relevance of social research for language programs 1, by Sherwood G. Lingenfelter
Yapese kinship propositions
Kinship and rapport
Kinship and authority
The methodological reasons to study kinship and politics
Social vocabulary
Kinship, politics, and meaning
Conclusion
Back Matter
References
Economic cooperatives, development, and matriliny in Papua New Guinea, by Alexander H. Bolyanatz
Ethnographic background
Coconuts among the Sursurunga
The Tolai case
Selling copra on New Ireland
Comparing the Tolai and Sursurunga cases
Conclusion
Back Matter
References
Comment: One domain as a key to language and culture, by Brian Schrag
Comment: The Agta today: Culture change among a Philippine rainforest people, by Thomas Headland
Comment: Transculturation, by Barbara Moore
Review: Disorderly discourse: Narrative, culture, and inequality, by Charles Peck
Review: Samoan planters: Tradition and economic development in Polynesia, by Gillian Hansford
New book: Di duumi u Gaama Aboikoni (The funeral of Granman Aboikoni), by Barbara Moore

Volume 2, Number 3 (October 1998)

Column: Community Development corner, by Roland Walker
1. Start where the people are
Column: Introduction to survey of world music books, by Paul Neeley
Column: How to communicate in a second language and culture, by Carol J. Orwig
Column: The Anchor project: Anthropological Notes, Queries, and References for Bible translators, by Tom Woodward
Cultural understanding in a multinational team, by Lynda R. Hersman
Introduction
Grid-group theory
Six societies in the grid-group configuration
Social economics
Borrowing
Potential areas of misunderstanding
Gift giving
Potential areas of misunderstanding
Social politics
Leadership
Potential areas of misunderstanding
Conflict resolution
Potential areas of misunderstanding
Ideology
Potential areas of misunderstanding
Kinship and friendship relations
Potential areas of misunderstanding
Parenting
Parents and discipline
Potential areas of misunderstanding
Education systems
Potential areas of misunderstanding
Concluding remarks
Back Matter
References
A linguist faces culture, by Marilyn Escher
Review: Encyclopedia of Cultural Anthropology, by Gillian Hansford

Volume 2, Number 4 (January 1999)

Front Matter
From the coordinator
Column: Community development corner, by Roland Walker
Column: Ethnomusicology, by Thomas Avery
Ethnomusicology research questions
A. Musicians (instrumentalists and/or singers)
B. Musical instruments
C. Music
Column: Language learning, by Carol J. Orwig
Learning how to communicate clearly, though indirectly
Column: LinguaLinks anthropology, by Elinor Abbot
A review and reflection by Elinor Abbot
Back Matter
References
The animistic concept of the soul, by Margarethe Chávez
Introduction
The concept of the soul
Visible manifestations of the soul
General characteristics of the soul
Multiple souls
The functions of the soul
Temporary absence of the soul from the body and its consequences
The functions of dreams
The destiny of the soul after the death of the body
Funeral rituals and “gifts”
Conclusion
Back Matter
References
Ethnic diversity and social harmony, by Clinton Robinson and David J. Clark
What is ethnicity?
Ethnic difference and opportunity
Implications for SIL
Conflict resolution among the Sabaot of East Africa, by Godfrey C. Kipsisey
Background
The clan
Cases of resolving conflicts
Case 1. Clan dispute
Case 2. Impending incursion
Case 3. Kyoome Ntarastit
Case 4. Muumnyanteet
Other oaths
Sustaining peace
Case 5. Koroseek
Discussion
The role of ritual practices
Traditional system of justice versus government system
Suggestions for us all
Back Matter
Reference
Comment: Sudan workshop program, by Lynda R. Hersman
Comment: Helping to preserve Indian culture, by David Maranz

Volume 3, Number 1 (April 1999)

Front Matter
From the Coordinator
Community development corner, by Roland Walker
Ethnomusicology: Applied ethnomusicology and community development, by Thomas L. Avery
Back Matter
References
Language learning: Applying ICW principles to training self-directed language learners, by Carol Orwig
Lingualinks anthropology: The “Dark Side” of CD?, by Elinor Abbot
Potential through relationships: A view of development, by Clinton Robinson
The debate continues
Building relationships
Communicating a vision
Qualities characterizing relationships
Relationships of equity
Relationships of respect
Relationships of service
“Life in all its fullness”
Building self-confidence
Building capacity
Building integration
So, get development out of a box!
Change agent activity
Subordinate tasks to relationships
Conclusion
Back Matter
References
Toward defining 'Sustainable development' in the SIL context, by Bud Larsen
Towards a model for sustainable village-based development
Criteria for sustainability
Sustainable development in the SIL context
Embracing sustainability
Back Matter
References
In Defense of Four-Legged Chairs, by Douglas M. Fraiser
The cultural dimension of development, by Douglas M. Fraiser
Introduction
Model
A view of culture
The principles behind the rules
Four ways of life
Process
Basic procedure
Diagnostic questions
Application
Doing things their way--application to a village health program
Doing things our way--playing the egalitarian game with individualists
Learning from our mistakes--application to agricultural development efforts
Conclusions
Back Matter
References
Literacy without schools: The Murle of Sudan, by Jonathan E. Arensen
Background
Linguistics, translation, and literacy program
Literacy
The Murle church
Conclusions
Addendum (1999)
Back Matter
References
Review: Partners with the poor: An emerging approach to relief and development, by Ann Elyse Merritt
Comments: Conference report: Global meeting of generations, by Bud Larsen and Marlys Larsen
Participatory development
Sustainability
Global cooperation/Interdependence--Networking/Building Partnerships

Volume 3, Number 2 (1999)

Front Matter
Introduction to the special Ethnomusicology issue, by Tom Avery
Community Development corner. Music--just songs, or CD super tool?, by Bud Larsen
About flies
LinguaLinks corner. Update on the new LinguaLinks version, by Elinor Abbot
Tagmemic principles and music analysis, by Thomas L. Avery
1. Ethnomusicological borrowing from linguistics
1.1. Search for a universal analytical paradigm
1.2. Two essential characteristics of a universal paradigm
1.3. Linguistics as a paradigmatic source
1.4. Tagmemics as an analytical paradigm
1.5. Parallels of language and music
1.6. Applications of tagmemics to music
2. Musical tagmemics
2.1. Restatement of tagmemic principles in musical terms
2.2. Four concepts of tagmemics
Back Matter
References
Review: Toward a generative analysis of rhythm: A review of 'African polyphony and polyrhythm', by Brian Schrag
Overview
The six books
The data and focus
The procedure
Recording the music
Discovering the underlying model
Identifying the possible variations
Generating a new realization of the model
Verifying the validity of the new realization
Conclusion
Appendix: Characteristics of rhythmic figures for classification
Review: The Western impact on world music, by Todd Saurman
Cultural components of music
Influential and resultant factors in culture contact and change
Conclusions
Tuning wars, by Brian Schrag

Bibliography of Review Articles

Aaker 1993
Arom 1991
Behe 1996
Briggs 1996
Connerton 1989
Devereux and Hoddinott 1993
Gottlieb and Graham 1994
Headland and Whiteman 1996
Johnson 1993
Johnson 1997
Keeley 1996
Kensinger 1995
Levinson and Ember 1996
Miller 1995
Nettl 1985
O'Meara 1990
Priest 1993
Schwarz 1994
Shaw 1988
Swanson 1995
Tidwell 1996
Wagstaff 1987
Z'graggen 1992

Context for this page:
  • Document collection: Notes on Anthropology
  • In bookshelf: Anthropology

Go to SIL home page This page is an extract from the LinguaLinks Library, Version 4.0, published on CD-ROM by SIL International, 1999. [Ordering information.]

Page content last modified: 7 April 1999