SIL Electronic Working Papers 1997-006, December 1997
Copyright © 1997 Cheryl A. Black and Summer Institute of Linguistics, Inc.
All rights reserved.
The program produces the following output for the input:
who might Jorge seem to think Amy likes
1:
S_1
|
CP_2
_______|______
NP_3 C'_4
who ______|_______
V_5 IP_6
might _______|________
NP_7 I'_8
Jorge _______|_______
V-trace_9 VP_10
0 |
V'_11
________|_________
V'_12 IP_14
| ________|_______
V_13 NP-A-trace_15 I'_16
seem 0 ______|_______
I_17 VP_18
to |
V'_19
______|______
V'_20 IP_22
| ______|______
V_21 NP_23 I'_24
think Amy |
VP_25
|
V'_26
_____|_____
V'_27 NP-trace_29
| 0
V_28
likes
S_1:
[ cat: S ]
CP_2:
[ cat: CP
moved: [ A-bar: none ]
type: [ fin: +
q: +
root: +
wh: + ] ]
NP_3:
[ cat: NP
agr: [ case: accusative
number:sg
person:3rd ]
gloss: who
lex: who
type: [ anaphor:-
animate:+
pred: -
wh: + ] ]
C'_4:
[ cat: C'
moved: [ A: none
A-bar: [ first: [ cat: NP
agr: [ case: accusative ]
role: Theme
type: [ pred: - ] ]
rest: none ]
head: none ]
type: [ fin: +
q: +
root: + ] ]
V_5:
[ cat: V
agr: [ vform: bare ]
gloss: might
lex: might
moved: [ A: none
A-bar: none ]
subcat: [ comp: [ first: [ cat: VP
agr: [ person:irrelevant
vform: bare ]
role: Event
type: [ modal: - ] ]
rest: none ]
subj: none ]
type: [ aux: +
be1: -
have: -
modal: +
passive:- ] ]
IP_6:
[ cat: IP
agr: $2[ case: nominative
gender:masc
number:sg
person:3rd ]
moved: [ A: none
A-bar: $1[ first: [ cat: NP
agr: [ case: accusative ]
role: Theme
type: [ pred: - ] ]
rest: none ]
head: [ cat: V
type: [ aux: +
fin: +
q: + ] ] ]
subcat: [ comp: [ first: [ cat: VP
agr: [person:irrelevant
vform: bare ]
bind: [ agr: [ gender:masc
number:sg
person:3rd ] ]
moved:[ A: [ first: [ cat: NP
agr: $2
gloss: Jorge
lex: Jorge
role: Agent
type: [ anaphor:-
animate:+
pred: -
wh: - ] ]
rest: none ]
A-bar: $1 ]
subcat: [ comp: none
subj: none ]
type: [ aux: -
passive:- ] ] ] ]
type: [ fin: +
q: +
root: + ] ]
NP_7:
[ cat: NP
agr: [ case: nominative
gender:masc
number:sg
person:3rd ]
gloss: Jorge
lex: Jorge
type: [ anaphor:-
animate:+
pred: -
wh: - ] ]
I'_8:
[ cat: I'
moved: [ A: $3[ first: [ cat: NP
role: Agent
type: [ animate:+
pred: - ] ]
rest: none ]
A-bar: $2[ first: [ cat: NP
agr: [ case: accusative ]
role: Theme
type: [ pred: - ] ]
rest: none ]
head: [ cat: V
type: [ aux: +
fin: +
q: + ] ] ]
subcat: [ comp: [ first: [ cat: VP
agr: [ person:irrelevant
vform: bare ]
moved: [ A: $3
A-bar: $2 ]
subcat: [ comp: none
subj: none ]
type: [ aux: -
passive:- ] ] ]
subj: none ]
type: [ fin: +
q: +
root: + ] ]
V-trace_9:
[ cat: V-trace
type: [ null: + ] ]
VP_10:
[ cat: VP
agr: [ person:irrelevant
vform: bare ]
moved: [ A: [ first: [ cat: NP
role: Agent
type: [ animate:+
pred: - ] ]
rest: none ]
A-bar: [ first: [ cat: NP
agr: [ case: accusative ]
role: Theme
type: [ pred: - ] ]
rest: none ] ]
subcat: [ comp: none
subj: none ]
type: [ aux: -
passive:- ] ]
V'_11:
[ cat: V'
agr: [ person:irrelevant
vform: bare ]
moved: [ A: [ first: [ cat: NP
role: Agent
type: [ animate:+
pred: - ] ]
rest: none ]
A-bar: [ first: [ cat: NP
agr: [ case: accusative ]
role: Theme
type: [ pred: - ] ]
rest: none ] ]
subcat: [ comp: none
subj: none ]
type: [ aux: -
passive:- ] ]
V'_12:
[ cat: V'
agr: [ person:irrelevant
vform: bare ]
moved: [ A: none
A-bar: none ]
subcat: [ comp: [ first: [ cat: IP
role: Proposition
type: [ fin: -
q: -
raising:+
root: - ] ]
rest: none ]
subj: none ]
type: [ aux: -
passive:- ] ]
V_13:
[ cat: V
agr: [ person:irrelevant
vform: bare ]
gloss: seem
lex: seem
moved: [ A: none
A-bar: none ]
subcat: [ comp: [ first: [ cat: IP
role: Proposition
type: [ fin: -
q: -
raising:+
root: - ] ]
rest: none ]
subj: none ]
type: [ aux: -
passive:- ] ]
IP_14:
[ cat: IP
moved: [ A: [ first: [ cat: NP
role: Agent
type: [ animate:+
pred: - ] ]
rest: none ]
A-bar: [ first: [ cat: NP
agr: [ case: accusative ]
role: Theme
type: [ pred: - ] ]
rest: none ] ]
subcat: [ subj: none ]
type: [ fin: -
q: -
raising:+
root: - ] ]
NP-A-trace_15:
[ cat: NP-A-trace
type: [ null: + ] ]
I'_16:
[ cat: I'
moved: [ A: none
A-bar: [ first: [ cat: NP
agr: [ case: accusative ]
role: Theme
type: [ pred: - ] ]
rest: none ] ]
subcat: [ comp: none
subj: [ first: [ cat: NP
role: Agent
type: [ animate:+
pred: - ] ]
rest: none ] ]
type: [ fin: -
q: - ] ]
I_17:
[ cat: I
gloss: to.I
lex: to
type: [ fin: - ] ]
VP_18:
[ cat: VP
agr: [ person:irrelevant
vform: bare ]
moved: [ A: none
A-bar: [ first: [ cat: NP
agr: [ case: accusative ]
role: Theme
type: [ pred: - ] ]
rest: none ] ]
subcat: [ comp: none
subj: [ first: [ cat: NP
role: Agent
type: [ animate:+
pred: - ] ]
rest: none ] ]
type: [ aux: -
passive:- ] ]
V'_19:
[ cat: V'
agr: [ person:irrelevant
vform: bare ]
moved: [ A: none
A-bar: [ first: [ cat: NP
agr: [ case: accusative ]
role: Theme
type: [ pred: - ] ]
rest: none ] ]
subcat: [ comp: none
subj: [ first: [ cat: NP
role: Agent
type: [ animate:+
pred: - ] ]
rest: none ] ]
type: [ aux: -
passive:- ] ]
V'_20:
[ cat: V'
agr: [ person:irrelevant
vform: bare ]
moved: [ A: none
A-bar: none ]
subcat: [ comp: [ first: [ cat: IP
role: Proposition
type: [ fin: +
q: -
root: - ] ]
rest: none ]
subj: [ first: [ cat: NP
role: Agent
type: [ animate:+
pred: - ] ]
rest: none ] ]
type: [ aux: -
passive:- ] ]
V_21:
[ cat: V
agr: [ person:irrelevant
vform: bare ]
gloss: think
lex: think
moved: [ A: none
A-bar: none ]
subcat: [ comp: [ first: [ cat: IP
role: Proposition
type: [ fin: +
q: -
root: - ] ]
rest: none ]
subj: [ first: [ cat: NP
role: Agent
type: [ animate:+
pred: - ] ]
rest: none ] ]
type: [ aux: -
passive:- ] ]
IP_22:
[ cat: IP
moved: [ A: none
A-bar: [ first: [ cat: NP
agr: [ case: accusative ]
role: Theme
type: [ pred: - ] ]
rest: none ] ]
subcat: [ subj: none ]
type: [ fin: +
root: - ] ]
NP_23:
[ cat: NP
agr: [ case: nominative
gender:fem
number:sg
person:3rd ]
gloss: Amy
lex: Amy
type: [ anaphor:-
animate:+
pred: -
wh: - ] ]
I'_24:
[ cat: I'
agr: [ number:sg
person:3rd
vform: pres ]
moved: [ A-bar: [ first: [ cat: NP
agr: [ case: accusative ]
role: Theme
type: [ pred: - ] ]
rest: none ] ]
subcat: [ comp: none
subj: [ first: [ cat: NP
role: Agent
type: [ animate:+
pred: - ] ]
rest: none ] ]
type: [ fin: +
root: - ] ]
VP_25:
[ cat: VP
agr: [ number:sg
person:3rd
vform: pres ]
moved: [ A-bar: [ first: [ cat: NP
agr: [ case: accusative ]
role: Theme
type: [ pred: - ] ]
rest: none ] ]
subcat: [ comp: none
subj: [ first: [ cat: NP
role: Agent
type: [ animate:+
pred: - ] ]
rest: none ] ]
type: [ aux: -
passive:- ] ]
V'_26:
[ cat: V'
agr: [ number:sg
person:3rd
vform: pres ]
moved: [ A-bar: [ first: [ cat: NP
agr: [ case: accusative ]
role: Theme
type: [ pred: - ] ]
rest: none ] ]
subcat: [ comp: none
subj: [ first: [ cat: NP
role: Agent
type: [ animate:+
pred: - ] ]
rest: none ] ]
type: [ aux: -
passive:- ] ]
V'_27:
[ cat: V'
agr: [ number:sg
person:3rd
vform: pres ]
moved: [ A: none
A-bar: none ]
subcat: [ comp: [ first: [ cat: NP
role: Theme
type: [ pred: - ] ]
rest: none ]
subj: [ first: [ cat: NP
role: Agent
type: [ animate:+
pred: - ] ]
rest: none ] ]
type: [ aux: -
passive:- ] ]
V_28:
[ cat: V
agr: [ number:sg
person:3rd
vform: pres ]
gloss: likes
lex: likes
moved: [ A: none
A-bar: none ]
subcat: [ comp: [ first: [ cat: NP
role: Theme
type: [ pred: - ] ]
rest: none ]
subj: [ first: [ cat: NP
role: Agent
type: [ animate:+
pred: - ] ]
rest: none ] ]
type: [ aux: -
passive:- ] ]
NP-trace_29:
[ cat: NP-trace
type: [ null: + ] ]
1 parse found
The program produces the following output for the input:
Amy tries to like herself
S_1
|
CP_2
|
C'_3
|
IP_4
______|_______
NP_5 I'_6
Amy |
VP_7
|
V'_8
______|_______
V'_9 CP_11
| |
V_10 C'_12
tries |
IP_13
______|______
PRO_14 I'_15
0 _____|______
I_16 VP_17
to |
V'_18
____|____
V'_19 NP_21
| herself
V_20
like
S_1:
[ cat: S ]
CP_2:
[ cat: CP
moved: [ A: none
A-bar: none
head: none ]
type: [ fin: +
q: -
root: +
wh: - ] ]
C'_3:
[ cat: C'
moved: [ A: none
A-bar: none ]
type: [ fin: +
q: -
root: + ] ]
IP_4:
[ cat: IP
moved: [ A: none
A-bar: none ]
subcat: [ subj: none ]
type: [ fin: +
q: -
root: + ] ]
NP_5:
[ cat: NP
agr: [ case: nominative
gender:fem
number:sg
person:3rd ]
gloss: Amy
lex: Amy
type: [ anaphor:-
animate:+
pred: -
wh: - ] ]
I'_6:
[ cat: I'
agr: [ number:sg
person:3rd
vform: pres ]
bind: [ agr: [ gender:fem
number:sg
person:3rd ] ]
moved: [ A: none
A-bar: none ]
subcat: [ comp: none
subj: [ first: [ cat: NP
role: Agent
type: [ animate:+
pred: - ] ]
rest: none ] ]
type: [ fin: +
q: -
root: + ] ]
VP_7:
[ cat: VP
agr: [ number:sg
person:3rd
vform: pres ]
bind: [ agr: [ gender:fem
number:sg
person:3rd ] ]
moved: [ A: none
A-bar: none ]
subcat: [ comp: none
subj: [ first: [ cat: NP
role: Agent
type: [ animate:+
pred: - ] ]
rest: none ] ]
type: [ aux: -
passive:- ] ]
V'_8:
[ cat: V'
agr: [ number:sg
person:3rd
vform: pres ]
bind: [ agr: [ gender:fem
number:sg
person:3rd ] ]
moved: [ A: none
A-bar: none ]
subcat: [ comp: none
subj: [ first: [ cat: NP
role: Agent
type: [ animate:+
pred: - ] ]
rest: none ] ]
type: [ aux: -
passive:- ] ]
V'_9:
[ cat: V'
agr: [ number:sg
person:3rd
vform: pres ]
moved: [ A: none
A-bar: none ]
subcat: [ comp: [ first: [ cat: CP
role: Proposition
type: [ fin: -
q: -
raising:-
root: - ] ]
rest: none ]
subj: [ first: [ cat: NP
role: Agent
type: [ animate:+
pred: - ] ]
rest: none ] ]
type: [ aux: -
passive:- ] ]
V_10:
[ cat: V
agr: [ number:sg
person:3rd
vform: pres ]
gloss: tries
lex: tries
moved: [ A: none
A-bar: none ]
subcat: [ comp: [ first: [ cat: CP
role: Proposition
type: [ fin: -
q: -
raising:-
root: - ] ]
rest: none ]
subj: [ first: [ cat: NP
role: Agent
type: [ animate:+
pred: - ] ]
rest: none ] ]
type: [ aux: -
passive:- ] ]
CP_11:
[ cat: CP
bind: [ agr: [ gender:fem
number:sg
person:3rd ] ]
moved: [ A: none
A-bar: none
head: none ]
type: [ fin: -
q: -
root: -
wh: - ] ]
C'_12:
[ cat: C'
bind: [ agr: [ gender:fem
number:sg
person:3rd ] ]
moved: [ A: none
A-bar: none ]
type: [ fin: -
q: -
root: - ] ]
IP_13:
[ cat: IP
bind: [ agr: [ gender:fem
number:sg
person:3rd ] ]
moved: [ A: none
A-bar: none ]
subcat: [ subj: none ]
type: [ fin: -
q: -
root: - ] ]
PRO_14:
[ cat: PRO
type: [ null: + ] ]
I'_15:
[ cat: I'
bind: [ agr: [ gender:fem
number:sg
person:3rd ] ]
moved: [ A: none
A-bar: none ]
subcat: [ comp: none
subj: [ first: [ cat: NP
role: Agent
type: [ animate:+
pred: - ] ]
rest: none ] ]
type: [ fin: -
q: - ] ]
I_16:
[ cat: I
gloss: to.I
lex: to
type: [ fin: - ] ]
VP_17:
[ cat: VP
agr: [ person:irrelevant
vform: bare ]
bind: [ agr: [ gender:fem
number:sg
person:3rd ] ]
moved: [ A: none
A-bar: none ]
subcat: [ comp: none
subj: [ first: [ cat: NP
role: Agent
type: [ animate:+
pred: - ] ]
rest: none ] ]
type: [ aux: -
passive:- ] ]
V'_18:
[ cat: V'
agr: [ person:irrelevant
vform: bare ]
bind: [ agr: [ gender:fem
number:sg
person:3rd ] ]
moved: [ A: none
A-bar: none ]
subcat: [ comp: none
subj: [ first: [ cat: NP
role: Agent
type: [ animate:+
pred: - ] ]
rest: none ] ]
type: [ aux: -
passive:- ] ]
V'_19:
[ cat: V'
agr: [ person:irrelevant
vform: bare ]
moved: [ A: none
A-bar: none ]
subcat: [ comp: [ first: [ cat: NP
role: Theme
type: [ pred: - ] ]
rest: none ]
subj: [ first: [ cat: NP
role: Agent
type: [ animate:+
pred: - ] ]
rest: none ] ]
type: [ aux: -
passive:- ] ]
V_20:
[ cat: V
agr: [ person:irrelevant
vform: bare ]
gloss: like
lex: like
moved: [ A: none
A-bar: none ]
subcat: [ comp: [ first: [ cat: NP
role: Theme
type: [ pred: - ] ]
rest: none ]
subj: [ first: [ cat: NP
role: Agent
type: [ animate:+
pred: - ] ]
rest: none ] ]
type: [ aux: -
passive:- ] ]
NP_21:
[ cat: NP
agr: [ case: accusative
gender:fem
number:sg
person:3rd ]
gloss: herself
lex: herself
type: [ anaphor:+
animate:+
pred: -
wh: - ] ]
1 parse found
Ungrammatical examples that must be ruled out are noted by | *
1. Coordination, subcategorization and particle movement:
we like old movies and popcorn
those extremely feisty and playful young cats and dogs bother me
John turned on the light with the bananas
John turned the light with the bananas on
John turned for the light
John turned the light for | *
John turned off the light
John turned the light off
we count on John for bananas
we count on John
we count | *
John sleeps
John sleeps bananas | *
John likes bananas
John likes | *
John likes bananas with the bombing
we depend on John
we depend | *
we depend with John | *
the authorities blamed an innocent man for the bombing
the authorities blamed an innocent man with the bombing | *
the authorities blamed an innocent man of the bombing | *
the authorities accused an innocent man of the bombing
the authorities accused an innocent man for the bombing | *
the authorities accused an innocent man with the bombing | *
the authorities charged an innocent man with the bombing
the authorities charged an innocent man for the bombing | *
the authorities charged an innocent man of the bombing | *
the authorities blamed an innocent man
the authorities accused an innocent man
the authorities charged an innocent man
Amy might give the book to Bill
might Amy give the book to Bill
what might Amy give to Bill
who might give the book to Bill
whom might Amy give the book to
to whom might Amy give the book
who might Amy give the book to Bill | *
what might Amy give the book to Bill | *
Jorge might think Amy likes Bill
who might Jorge think Amy likes
who might Jorge think likes Amy
Jorge might wonder whether Amy likes Bill
Jorge might wonder who Amy likes
3. Auxiliaries, case, agreement, and copular constructions:
Bill had seemed to like Amy
Bill might have seemed to like Amy
Amy has tried to give the book to Bill
Amy had tried to give the book to Bill
Amy might have tried to give the book to Bill
Amy might has tried to give the book to Bill | *
Amy has might try to give the book to Bill | *
me have tried to give the book to Bill | *
Amy has tried to give the book to we | *
Jorge has been feisty
has Jorge been feisty
who has been feisty
Jorge is feisty
is Jorge feisty
who is feisty
Jorge seems feisty
Jorge has seemed feisty
who has seemed feisty
the popcorn might be ours
might the popcorn be ours
what might be ours
the popcorn is ours
is the popcorn ours
what is ours
whose is the popcorn
whose popcorn is that
Jorge is president
is Jorge president
who is president
Jorge is the president
is Jorge the president
who is the president
what is Jorge
what office is Jorge
the book is under the bed
is the book under the bed
the book could be under the bed
could the book be under the bed
what could be under the bed
what could the book be under
the book was under the bed
was the book under the bed
the books are under the bed
are the books under the bed
the books is under the bed | *
is the books under the bed | *
the popcorn is ours
the popcorn is our | *
Jorge likes me
Jorge likes I | *
Jorge likes his book
Jorge likes him book | *
Jorge likes he book | *
Jorge likes Bill's book
Jorge likes Bill book | *
he likes bananas
him likes bananas | *
Jorge likes those movies of mine
Jorge likes those movies of my | *
Jorge likes those movies of me
Jorge likes those movies of I | *
4. Passives and unaccusatives:
Bill has broken the glass
Bill broke the glass
the glass was broken
the glass was broken by Bill
Bill was broken the glass | *
Bill broken the glass | *
Bill died
Bill was died | *
Bill was dying
Bill has died
the glass broke
the glass is breaking
the glass has broken
5. Equi and Raising Constructions:
Bill seems to like Amy
Jorge seems to think Amy likes Bill
Amy tried to give the book to Bill
Amy seemed to try to give the book to Bill
who might Jorge seem to think Amy likes
what might Amy try to give to Bill
Amy likes herself
Amy likes himself | *
we like ourselves
we like myself | *
Bill likes the picture of himself
Bill likes the picture of herself | *
Jorge talks to himself
Jorge talks to herself | *
Jorge talks to Bill about himself
Jorge talks to Bill about herself | *
Jorge thinks Amy likes herself
Jorge thinks Amy likes himself | *
Amy tries to like herself
Amy tries to like himself | *
Amy seems to like herself
Amy seems to like himself | *
7. Adjuncts versus complements:
Bill put the book on the bed
Bill put the book on the bed in the morning
Bill put the book on the bed on Tuesday
Bill put the book in the morning | *
Date created: 17-Dec-1997
URL:
http://www.sil.org/silewp/1997/006/appendix.html
Questions/Comments: SILEWP@sil.org
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