SILEWP 2003-001

7. Topical index

Agroeconomics: includes marketing, production

Acena, B. 1952. The status and future of the Philippine cassava industry. Plant Industry Digest 15(11):3–14.

Agricultural diversification and economic development in Thailand. 1963. Economic Research Service, USDA, Foreign-8.

Aguilar, F., et al. 1969. Productos de yuca: Estudio de factibilidad. San Salvador, El Salvador.

Alderman, H., and C. P. Timmer. 1980. Food policy and food demand in Indonesia. Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies 16(3):83–93.

Alexander, M. N. 1967. Some factors affecting the demand for starchy roots and tubers in Trinidad. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Tropical Root Crops 5:45–55. St. Augustine, Trinidad: Univ. of the West Indies.

Andersen, P. P., and R. O. Díaz. 1973. Paper presented at the 3rd International Symposium on Tropical Root Crops. 2–9 Dec. 1973.

April, J. E., D. J. Rogers, G. N. Hersh, and C. C. Slater. n.d. Consumerism - a neglected decision tool for solving nutrition problems in developing countries. Univ. of Colorado, Division of Management Science.

Asseldonk, J. S. O. van, D. C. Faber, and H. J. J. Stolwijk. 1980. De betekenis van tapioca voor de landbouwsector in Thailand en Nederland. Landbouwkundig Tijdschrift 92(4):202–214.

Atega, P. C., et al. 1979. Cassava socio-economic and marketing study. Part IX Western Mindanao 79(11). Philippines: Department of Agriculture. 60 pg.

Atraso não dá ves à mandioca. 1965. Coopercotia 22(193):18–21. São Paulo.

Ayres, John C. 1972. Processing cassava for industrial and food uses. A literature review and research recommendations on cassava, Manihot esculenta, Crantz, ed. by C.H. Hendershott, et al., 183–221. Athens, Ga.: Univ. of Georgia.

Barba G., E. 1943. La industrialización de la yuca. Revista de Agricultura 34:558–563; 607–613. Dominican Republic.

Berman, Peter. 1977. Some notes on cassava in Indonesia. Unpublished ms.

Best, R., L. Alonso, and C. Velez. 1984. The development of a through circular solar heated air drier for cassava chips. 6th Symposium of the International Society for Tropical Root Crops (ISTRC), Lima, Peru, 21–26 February 1983, 6:373–381.

Black, R. P., W. Peyayopanakul, and S. Piyapongse. 1978. Thailand: Cassava pelletizing technology. Denver: Univ. of Denver, Institute of International Programs.

Boer, A. J. de, and D. A. Forno. 1975. Cassava: A potential agro-industrial crop for tropical Australia. J. of the Australian Institute of Agricultural Science 41(4):241–252.

Boonsue, B., and S. Sinthuprama. 1976. Cassava - a potential cash crop for Thailand. Thai J. of Agricultural Science 9(1):67–75.

Borges Leitão, A. 1969. Um mercado para a mandioca. A comunidade Económica Europeia. Gaz. Agr. Moçamb. 21(238):66–71. Lourenço Marques.

Bourdon, J. P. 1979. Quelques données à propos du manioc. Débats récents. Rungis, France: Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique. 74 pg.

Brannen, S. J. 1972. Economics of cassava production and marketing. A literature review and research recommendations on cassava, Manihot esculenta, Crantz, ed. by C. H. Hendershott, et al., 222–254. Athens, Ga.: Univ. of Georgia.

Brazil’s position in world agricultural trade. 1967. Economic Research Service, USDA, Foreign-190.

Brekelbaum, T., J. C. Toro, and V. Izquierdo. 1980. 1o Symposio Colombiano Sobre Alcohol Carburante. Cali, Colombia: Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical.

Butler, E. J. 1970. An economic analysis of production, consumption and marketing in tropical countries. Athens, Ga.: Univ. of Georgia. Unpublished M.S. thesis.

Butler, E. J., E. E. Brown, and L. H. Davis. 1971. An economic analysis of the production, consumption and marketing of cassava (tapioca). Research Bulletin 97. Athens, Ga.: Univ. of Georgia, College of Agriculture Experiment Station.

Cassava: Export potential and market requirements. 1977. Geneva, Switzerland: International Trade Centre, UNCTAD/GATT.

Cassava production systems. 1975. Cali, Colombia: CIAT. 57 pg.

Cassava progam annual report 1980. 1981. Cali, Colombia: CIAT. 93 pg.

Castillo, L. S. 1974. The cassava industry of the Philippines. Proceedings of an interdisciplinary workshop on cassava processing and storage, Pattaya, Thailand, 17–19 April 1974, ed. by E. V. Araullo, B. Nestel, and M. Campbell, 63–71. Ottawa, Canada: International Development Research Centre, IDRC-031e.

Catambay, A. B. 1932. Cost of harvesting cassava with a plow. Philippine Agr. 21:277–280.

Catambay, A. B. 1938. Cost of producing cassava in the College of Agriculture at Los Baños. Philippine Agr. 27:584–589.

Catambay, A. B., and C. E. Yango. 1935. Cost of harvesting cassava with animal drawn plow. Philippine Agr. 23:662–665.

Chan, A. K., compiler. 1971. Growing tapioca, Manihot esculenta, Crantz. Malaysia: Department of Agriculture, Extension Branch, Farm Management Section, Technical Paper 3. 16 pg.

Chye, K. O., and W. Y. Loh. 1971. The tapioca processing industry in Perak. Agricultural Economic Bulletin 1(1):3–59. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: Federal Agricultural Marketing Authority.

CIAT. 1983a. Cassava Program Internal Document. Cali, Colombia: CIAT. (Mimeo.)

CIAT. 1983b. Cassava economics. Cali, Colombia. Unpublished survey material.

Cock, J. H., and J. K. Lynam. 1982. Cassava: Future potential and development needs. Proceedings of 5th International Tropical Root Crop Symposium, Manila, Philippines, Sept. 1979. Los Baños: Philippine Council for Agricultural and Resources Research.

Cock, J. H., R. MacIntyre, and M. Graham, eds. 1977. Proceedings of the 4th Symposium of the International Society for Tropical Root Crops held at CIAT, Cali, Colombia, 1–7 August 1976. Ottawa, Canada: International Development Research Centre, IDRC-080e. 277 pg.

Cooke, R. D., and D. G. Coursey. 1981. Cassava: A major cyanide-containing food crop. Cyanide in biology, ed. by B. Vennesland, et al., 93–114. London: Academic Press.

Costa, A. S. 1946. Cultivo y beneficio de la yuca. Hacienda 41(3):48–49.

Costa, H. F., M. Tavares, R. da Cunha Castello Branco, and S. da Silva Cardoso. 1972. Study on economic feasibility of fortification of mandioca flour. 3rd Meeting on Fortification of Mandioca Products, Rio de Janeiro, 13–16 March 1972. Unpublished ms.

Coudert, J. 1978. Etude des marchés des productions vivrières d’origine vegetale pour les pays du Sahel: (Céréales, légumessecs et manioc). Rome, Italy: FAO. 73 pg.

Coursey, D. G. 1984. Potential utilization of major root crops, with special emphasis on human, animal and industrial uses. Tropical root crops: Production and uses in Africa, ed. by E. R. Terry, E. V. Doku, O. B. Arene, and N. M. Mahungu, 25–35. Proceedings of 2nd Triennial Symposium, International Society of Tropical Crops, Doula, Cameroun, August 1983. Ottawa, Canada: International Development Research Centre, IDRC-221e. 231 pg.

Critides, B. 1966. Summary report: Cultivation of manioc in Brazil. Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn, N.Y.

Curiel, N. F., and R. E. J. Velásquez. 1977. Técnicas para la producción de yuca, con especial interés para el Estado Monagas. Caracas, Venezuela: Ministerio de Agricultura y Cría. 52 pg.

Dalton, G. E., and F. Akwetey. n.d. Cassava production and processing in south east Ghana. Legon, Ghana: Department of Agricultural Economics and Farm Management, Univ. of Ghana. 21 pg.

de Los Angeles, M. Z. V., E. M. Flores, M. R. Laforteza, T. M. Maligaya-Reyes, C. T. Opelandio, and C. L. G. Santos. 1973. Regional consumption patterns for major foods. National Food and Agriculture Council (DANR), Nov. 1973. 73–121. 20 pg. (Mimeo.)

Díaz, R. O. 1970a. World production of manioc root. Palmira, Colombia: CIAT.

Díaz, R. O. 1970b. Cost of production of yuca studies. Palmira, Colombia: CIAT.

Díaz, R. O. 1980. Aspectos económicos de la producción de yuca en la Costa Atlántica Colombiana. Memorias del Simposio Colombiano sobre Alcohol Carburante, CIAT, Cali, Colombia, 18–22 May 1980, ed. by T. Brekelbaum, J. C. Toro, and V. Izquierdo, 57–62.

Díaz, R. O., and P. Pinstrup-Anderson. 1977. Descripción agro-economica del proceso de producción de yuca en Colombia. Boletín, edición preliminar 4. Cali, Colombia: Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical.

Díaz, R. O., P. Pinstrup-Andersen, and R. D. Estrada. 1975. Costs and use of inputs in cassava production in Colombia: A brief description. Cali, Colombia: Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical. Series EE-5. 40 pg.

Dina, J. A., and I. A. Akinrele. 1970. Economic feasibility study for the establishment of a glucose industry in Nigeria. Lagos, Nigeria: Federal Institute of Industrial Research.

Dixon, John A. 1984. Consumption. The cassava economy of Java, ed. by W. P. Falcon, W. O. Jones, and S. R. Pearson, 63–90. Stanford: Stanford Univ. Press.

Dosayla, E. D., and L. B. Darrah. 1973. Income and food consumption (average data for four surveys). National Food and Agricultural Council (DANR), Sept. 1973, 73–117. 28 pg. (Mimeo.)

Dulong, R. 1971. L’Agron. Trop. 8:791.

Edwards, D. G. 1974. The industrial manufacture of cassava products: An economic study. London: Tropical Products Institute, no. G88. 43 pg.

Edwards, D. T., and J. Cropper. 1967. An economic view of the development of new production systems. Proceedings of International Symposium on Tropical Root Crops 2(5):57–66. St Augustine, Trinidad: Univ. of the West Indies.

The EEC tapioca market - possibilities and limits. 1972. Rome, Italy: FAO. Unpublished ms.

Estudios de costos de producción de yuca. Centro Agrícola Regional de la Zona Norte, Zona de San Francisco de la Palmera, 29 fincas, Año 1973, Costa Rica. 1974. Min. de Agr. y Ganadería, Dirección de Planeamiento y Coordinación, Dept. de Economía y Estadísticas Agropecuarias. Boletín Técnico 21. 40 pg.

Ettori, O. J. T., and L. M. Pellegrini. 1965. Aspectos económicos da produção de mandioca industrial em São Paulo. Agricultura em São Paulo 12:11–12.

Ezeilo, W. N. O. 1977. The effect of fertilizers and other inputs on yield and nutritive value of cassava and other tropical root crops. 13th Colloquium of the International Potash Institute, York, England.

Ezeilo, W. N. O., J. C. Flinn, and L. B. Williams. 1975. Cassava producers and cassava production in the east central state of Nigeria. Ibadan, Nigeria: National Accelerated Food Production Project.

Falcon, Walter P., William O. Jones, and Scott R. Pearson. 1984. Cassava’s role in food policy. The cassava economy of Java, ed. by W. P. Falcon, W. O. Jones, and S. R. Pearson, 163–181. Stanford: Stanford Univ. Press.

Falcon, Walter P., William O. Jones, and Scott R. Pearson. 1984. The cassava economy of Java. Stanford: Stanford Univ. Press.

Fernando, L. J. 1963. Some notes on the economic potential for the organized exploitation of manioc in Ceylon. CISIR report.

Flaws, L. J., and E. R. Palmer. 1968. The production of particle board from cassava stalks. London: TPI Report G 34:1–3.

Flinn, J. C. 1976. Possibilities for economic research into cassava production systems in Africa. The International Exchange and Testing of Cassava Germ Plasm in Africa. Proceedings of an interdisciplinary workshop held at IITA, Ibadan, Nigeria, 17–21 November 1975, ed. by E. Terry, and R. MacIntyre, 15–20. Ottawa, Canada: International Development Research Centre.

Flinn, J. C. 1979. Agroeconomic considerations in cassava intercropping research. Proceedings of an international workshop on intercropping with cassava, held at Trivandrum, India, 27 Nov–1 Dec 1978, ed. by E. Weber, B. Nestel, and M. Campbell, 87–101. Ottawa, Canada: International Development Research Centre, IDRC-142e. 143 pg.

Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 1966. Production yearbook 20. Rome.

Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 1980b. Food balance sheets 1975–1977 average. Rome.

Food balance sheet of the Philippines. 1966. The Statistical Reporter 10(1):1–14; 10(4):1–7. National Economic Council.

Food balance sheet of the Philippines. 1967. The Statistical Reporter 11(4):1–10. National Economic Council.

Food balance sheet of the Philippines. 1968. The Statistical Reporter 12(4):1–10. National Economic Council.

Food balance sheet of the Philippines. 1969. The Statistical Reporter 15(4):1–11. National Economic Council.

Food balance sheet of the Philippines. 1972. The Statistical Reporter 16(1):1–10. National Economic Council.

Fresco, Louise. 1982b. Les femmes et la production de manioc. Rapport fondé sur les travaux de deux projets PNUD/FAO: ZAI/78/001 et ZAI/81/017. Kikwit, Zaïre.

Fresco, Louise. 1984. Women and cassava production: An approach to improving agricultural productivity in rural Zaire. FSSP Newletter 2(2). Gainesville, Fl.: Univ. of Florida.

Fruit, vegetable and root crops - review of TDRI activities. 1986. Tropical Development and Research Institute Annual report. London: TDRI.

Gartner, J. J. 1975. Métodos de cosecha y almacenamiento de exportación de yuca. Curso sobre producción de yuca, 135–148. Medellín: Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario, Regional 4.

Gatel, P. 1978. Manioc: échec à l’organisation du marché céréalier européen? Production Agricole Français 54(232):7–12.

Geertz, Clifford. 1963. Agricultural involution: The process of ecological change in Indonesia. California.

Gómez da Silva, J., G. E. Serra, J. R. Moreira, J. C. Goncalves, and J. Goldemberg. 1978. Energy balance for ethyl alcohol production from crops. Science 201:903–906.

Graner, E. A., and J. T. M. Abrahao. 1970. Cultura da mandioca. Piracicaba, Brasil: Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Dept. de Agr. e Horticultura. 24 pg.

Guillén, R. D., and F. Quintero. 1975. Costos de producción. Mercado del producto fresco y elaborado. Primer seminario nacional sobre yuca. Revista de la Facultad de Agronomía 22:75–86. Alcance, Venezuela.

Harper, R. S. 1973. Cassava growing in Thailand. World Crops 25(2):94–97. London.

Hendershott, C. H. 1972a. Summary and recommended research programs. A literature review and research recommendations on cassava, Manihot esculenta, Crantz, ed. by C. H. Hendershott, et al., 255–268. Athens, Ga.: Univ. of Georgia.

Hendershott, C. H., H. W. Garren, E. E. Brown, R. Yver, J. C. Ayres, and T. Pereira. 1971. A feasibility study of manioc production in N.E. Brazil. Athens, Ga.: Univ. of Ga.

Hoopes, R. W. 1976. Cassava as a food resource in Brazil. Ithaca, New York: Cornell Univ., Department of Agricultural Economics, 76(18). 37 pg.

Hrishi, N. 1974. Problems and prospects in cassava production in India. Proceedings of an interdisciplinary workshop on cassava processing and storage, Pattaya, Thailand, 17–19 April 1974, ed. by E. V. Araullo, B. Nestel, and M. Campbell, 59–62. Ottawa, Canada: International Development Research Centre, IDRC-031e.

Imports for 1968–1972. 1973. Central Bank of the Philippines, Economic Research Department.

Ingram, J. S. 1975. Standards, specifications and quality requirements for processed cassava products. Tropical Products Institute Report G102. London: Tropical Products Institute.

Janssen, W., and B. Ospina. 1982. Estudio de factibilidad económica para plantas de secado natural de yuca en la Costa Atlántica de Colombia. Proyecto Cooperativo DRI/ACDI-CIAT. Plan piloto para el desarrollo agro-industrial del cultivo de la yuca en algunos departamentos de la Costa Norte de Colombia. Primer Informe, Noviembre 1981–Junio 1982. Cali, Colombia: CIAT. 16 pg.

Janssen, W., and C. C. Wheatley. 1985. Urban cassava markets: The impact of fresh root storage. Food Policy 10(3):265–277. Butterworth and Co. Ltd.

Johnston, B. F. 1958. The staple food economies of western tropical Africa. Food Research Institute Studies in Tropical Development, Stanford Univ.

Johnston, B. F., and H. Kaneda. 1960. Urban expenditure patterns in tropical Africa. Food Research Institute Studies in Tropical Development 2(3):229–275. Stanford Univ.

Jones, W. O. 1957. Manioc, an example of innovation in African economies. Economic Development and Cultural Change 5(2):97–117.

Jones, W. O. 1960. Economic man in Africa. Food Research Inst. Studies 1(2):107–134. Stanford Univ.

Jones, W. O. 1967. Starchy roots in the dietaries of developing tropical countries. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Tropical Root Crops 2(5):34–44. St. Augustine, Trinidad: Univ. of the West Indies.

Jones, W. O., and A. I. Akinrele. 1976. National accelerated food production program: Improvement of cassava processing and marketing; recommendations and report. Nigeria: IITA. 53 pg.

Jose, A.V . 1973. Wage rate of agricultural laborers in Kerala. Economic and Political Weekly. Bombay, India.

Kaneda, H., and B. F. Johnston. 1961. Urban food expenditure patterns in tropical Africa. Food Research Institute Studies 2:229–275.

Kolb, H. 1962. Industrial application of tapioca for manufacturing tap-macaroni or tap-rice. United Nations Conference 39/C/401.

Kordilok, A. 1970. The market for tapioca products in the Federal Republic of Germany and the Netherlands. ECAFE Export Promotion Course, T3/11/20,70.

Krochmal, A. 1966. Labor input and mechanization of cassava. World Crops 18(3):28–30.

Krochmal, A. 1973. Paper presented at the 3rd International Symposium on Tropical Root Crops, 2–9 Dec. 1973.

Kunju, U. M. 1972. Tapioca a food cum industrial crop. Farmer Parliament 7(10):9–10, 29.

Lagriffoul. 1902. Le manioc dans la province de Maroantsetra. Bulletin Economique de Madagascar 4:359–367.

Lan, T. G. 1971. The market for tapioca chips and pellets in selected European markets. Regional Export Promotion Course, ECAFE/ITC, ITC/MISC/93 (b).

Le manioc au Togo. 1949. Congrès du Manioc et des Plantes Féculentes Tropicales, 100–106. Marseille, France: Institut Colonial.

Leihner, D. E. 1981. Entwicklung and Landlicher Raum 1:18.

Lim, S. C. 1969. An agro-economic study of intercrops on rubber smallholdings. Economic and Planning Division, Rubber Research Institute Malaya, Kuala Lumpur. Report 6. Unpublished ms.

Lustre, A. O. 1973. The utilization of root crops in the Philippines - problems, prospects and research needs. PCAR, Crops Research Division. 14 pg. (Mimeo.)

Lynam, J. K. 1983. Cassava in Asia: A look at the present and at the future. Cassava Newsletter 7(2):7–9,11.

Lynam, J. K., and D. Pachico. 1981. Cassava production, marketing and demand in Latin America international program review. Cali, Colombia: CIAT.

Magoon, M. L., and S. G. Appan. 1966a. Cassava, a food for the millions. Indian Farming 16(1):12–13.

Manioc. 1970. Projet PNUD - FAO de développement de la plaine de Morondava (Madagascar), 75–79. Paris.

Manto, J. M., M. V. Manuel, C. D. Malabanan, and E. B. Mariano. 1977. Cassava socio-economic and marketing study. Part II: Bicol Region 77(21). Philippines: Department of Agriculture. 45 pg.

Manto, J. M., S. S. Olgado, B. H. Domingo, and C. M. Baente. 1978. Cassava socio-economic and marketing study. Part IV: Central Luzon 78(2). Philippines: Department of Agriculture. 42 pg.

Manto, J. M., S. S. Olgado, J. D. Abunyawan, and B. H. Domingo. 1977. Cassava socio-economic and marketing study. Part III: Central Visayas 77(25). Philippines: Department of Agriculture. 47 pg.

Manuel, M. V., E. H. Federizon, and D. P. Manalo. 1978. Cassava socioeconomic and marketing study. Part VI: Leyte and Samar 78(22). Quezon City, Philippines: Department of Agriculture. 48 pg.

Manurung, Firman. 1974. Technology of cassava chips and pellets processing in Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand. Proceedings of an interdisciplinary workshop on cassava processing and storage, Pattaya, Thailand, 17–19 April 1974, ed. by E. V. Araullo, B. Nestel, and M. Campbell, 89–112. Ottawa, Canada: International Development Research Centre, IDRC-031e.

The market for cassava with particular reference to the United Kingdom. 1964. Tropical Products Institute Report 6(62):1–19. London: TPI.

The markets for manioc as a raw material for the manufacture of compound animal feedingstuffs in The Federal Republic of Germany, The Netherlands, and Belgium. 1968. Geneva: International Trade Centre, UNCTAD-GATT FS 21. 94 pg.

Martínez, A. E. 1980. Estudio sobre mercado de la yuca en el Departamento de Sucre. Programa de Desarrollo Rural Integrado. 69 pg.

Mateo, N., A. Barrantes, and R. Moreno. 1975. Department of Crops and Soils, Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enzeñanza, Turrialba, Costa Rica. Unpublished ms.

Mathew, N. T. 1947. Tapioca as a solution of the food problem. Science and Culture 12(11):557–558.

Mathot, P. J. 1972. Production and export control in Thailand and marketing in Europe of tapioca pellets. Bangkok, Thailand: Thai Tapioca Trade Association.

Mathot, P. J. 1974. Production and export control in Thailand and the marketing in Europe of tapioca pellets. Proceedings of an interdisciplinary workshop on cassava processing and storage, Pattaya, Thailand, 17–19 April 1974, ed. by E. V. Araullo, B. Nestel, and M. Campbell, 27–42. Ottawa, Canada: International Development Research Centre, IDRC-031e.

Maus preços na raiz da crise. 1969. Coopercotia 26(238):21–24. São Paulo.

May, Peter. n.d. Cassava processing industries: Socio-political and economic implications. Unpublished ms.

McCann, D. J. 1977. Cassava utilization in agro-industrial systems. Proceedings of 4th Symposium of the International Society for Tropical Root Crops, Cali, Colombia, ed. by J. H. Cock, R MacIntyre, and M. Graham, 215–221. Ottawa, Canada: IDRC. IDRC-080e.

Mejia, E. B., et al. 1979. Cassava socio-economic and marketing study. Philippines: Department of Agriculture, 26. 68 pg.

Mejia F., R. 1946. El cultivo de la yuca y su explotación industrial. II. Variedades, clima terrenos y siembra. Agricultura Tropical 2(2):14–16. Colombia.

Mokonda Bonza, N. 1978. La problématique des cultures vivrières au Zaire: l’exemple de l’Uélé. Cahiers Economiques et Sociaux 16(3):281–305.

Molinyawe, C. D. 1968. Cassava: A guide to its culture. Univ. of the Philippines, College of Agriculture, Farmer’s Bulletin 24, 13 pg.

Moran, E. F. 1976. Manioc deserves more recognition in tropical farming. World Crops 28(4):184–190.

Moreno, R. A., and R. D. Hart. 1979b. Intercropping with cassava in Central America. Proceedings of an international workshop on intercropping with cassava, held at Trivandrum, India, 27 Nov–1 Dec 1978, ed. by E. Weber, B. Nestel, and M. Campbell, 17–24. Ottawa, Canada: International Development Research Centre, IDRC-142e. 143 pg.

Mutti, S. 1980. Situazione e prospettive per la manioca. Suinicoltura 21(3):63–64.

National Academy of Sciences. 1977. Supporting Paper to the World Food and Nutrition Study 5:52. Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences.

Nelson, Gerald C. 1984a. Starch. The cassava economy of Java, ed. by W. P. Falcon, W. O. Jones, and S. R. Pearson, 91–109. Stanford: Stanford Univ. Press.

Nelson, Gerald C. 1984b. Gaplek. The cassava economy of Java, ed. by W. P. Falcon, W. O. Jones, and S. R. Pearson, 109–135. Stanford: Stanford Univ. Press.

Nestel, B. L. 1974b. Current trends in cassava research. Ottawa, Canada: International Development Research Centre, IDRC-036e. 32 pg.

Newbury, M. Catharine. 1984. Ebutumwa Bw’Emiogo: The tyranny of cassava, a women’s tax revolt in Eastern Zaire. Canadian J. of African Studies 18(1):35–54.

Nijholt, J. A. 1964. Report of the survey on cassava production and processing in Ceylon. Rome, Italy: FAO.

Nkiere, Mbo Wassa. 1984. Considérations sur l’économie des méthodes de traitement du manioc au Zaïre. Zaire - Afrique 71–82.

Nkiere, Mob Wassa. 1976. Contribution à l’étude agro-economique de la culture du manioc au Zaïre. Mémoire.

The Northern Rhodesia Industrial Development Corporation Limited. 1963. Prospects in Northern Rhodesia for industries based on the processing of cassava. Lusaka, Northern Rhodesia (October).

Odigboh, E. U. 1983. Cassava: Production, processing and utilization handbook of tropical foods, ed. by H. T. Chan, 145–200. New York: Marcel Dekker.

Oelsligle, D. D., R. Meneses, and R. E. McCollum. 1974. Nitrogen response by a corn-cassava intercropped system in the Atlantic Coast of Costa Rica. Agronomic research on tropical soils. Raleigh: North Carolina State Univ.

Oficina de Planeación del Sector Agrícola. 1978. Evalución final Programas Agrícolas.

Okali, C., and E. Bortei-Doku. 1978. The impact of the NAFPP program in Imo State. Second NAFPP National Cassava Workshop, Umudike. Ibadan, Nigeria: International Institute of Tropical Agriculture. Mimeo.

Olgado, S. S., B. H. Domingo, and C. M. Baente. 1977. Cassava socio-economic and marketing study. Philippines: Department of Agriculture, 18. 14 pg.

Onwueme, I. C. 1978b. Cassava. The tropical tuber crops. Chichester, England: John Wiley and Sons. 234 pg.

Opelanio, C. T., C. F. Mendoza, J. D. Abunyawan, and L. V. Guñgab 1979. Cassava socio-economic and marketing study. Part V: Pangasinan and La Union 8. Philippines: Department of Agriculture. 48 pg.

Opelanio, C. T., C. F. Mendoza, P. G. Tulod, and M. C. Lontok. 1978. Cassava socio-economic and marketing study. Part VIII: Northern Mindanao 79(1). Philippines: Department of Agriculture. 49 pg.

Ospina, B., R. Best, and G. Gómez. 1983. Natural drying of cassava for animal feed: The establishment of small agroindustries on the Atlantic Coast of Colombia. 6th Symposium of the International Society for Tropical Root Crops (ISTRC), Lima, Peru, 21–26 February 1983, 16 pg.

Ospina, L. A. 1960. La yuca, valioso recurso agrícola del Meta. Arroz 106:19–20.

Pachico, D., and J. K. Lynam. 1981. Cassava production, marketing and utilization. Latin American agriculture: Trends in CIAT commodities. Internal Document Econ. 1(6):69–124.

Pachico, D., W. Janssen, and J. K. Lynam. 1983. Ex ante analysis of new technology: A comparison of cassava for the feed and fresh markets in Colombia. Agricultural Systems 11:131–142.

Paiva, D. V. 1952. El cultivo e industrialización de la mandioca. Boletín Informativo 401:4–5. Uruguay

Pearson, S. R., W. P. Falcon, and W. O. Jones. 1984. Cassava and Java. The cassava economy of Java, ed. by W. P. Falcon, W. O. Jones, and S. R. Pearson, 1–7. Stanford: Stanford Univ. Press.

Perrault, P. T. 1978. Banana - manioc farming systems of the tropical forest: A case study in Zaire. Ph.D. dissertation. Stanford Univ.

The Philippine food balance sheet 1971. 1973. NEDA Food Balance Service 1:1–49.

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Oke, O. L. 1978. Problems in the use of cassava as animal feed. Animal Feed. Science Technology 3(4):345–380.

Olson, D. W., M. L. Sunde, and H. R. Bird. 1969. Amino acid supplementation of mandioca meal chick diets. Poultry Science 48:1949–1953.

Orok, E. J., and J. P. Bowland. 1974. Nigerian cocoa husks and cassava meal as sources of energy for rats and fed soybean meal or peanut meal-supplemented diets. Canadian J. of Animal Science 54(2):229–238.

Oyenuga, V. A. 1955b. Nigerian feedstuffs. Faculty of Agriculture Technical Bulletin 1. Ibadan: Ibadan Univ. Press.

Oyenuga, V. A. 1961. Nutritive value of cereal and cassava diets for growing and fattening pigs in Nigeria. British J. of Nutrition 15(3):327–338.

Oyenuga, V. A. 1968. Nigeria’s foods and feedingstuffs. Ibadan, Nigeria: Ibadan Univ. Press.

Oyenuga, V. A., and B. L. Fetuga. 1975. Chemical composition, digestibility and energy values of some varieties of yam, cassava, sweet potatoes and cocoyams for pigs. Nigerian J. of Science 9(1):63–110.

Oyenuga, V. A., and E. O. Amazigo. 1957. A note on the hydrocyanic acid content of cassava, Manihot utilissima, Pohl. West African J. of Biological Chemistry 1(2):39–43.

Oyenuga, V. A., and L. K. Opeke. 1957. The value of cassava rations for pork and bacon production. West African J. of Biological Chemistry 1(1):3–14.

Pachico, D. 1980. Prospects for the feed concentrate industry in Latin America: Market potential for Colombia. Cali, Colombia: CIAT. Internal document, 24 pg.

Pachico, D., and J. K. Lynam. 1981. Cassava production, marketing and utilization. Latin American agriculture: Trends in CIAT commodities. Internal Document Econ. 1(6):69–124.

Pachico, D., W. Janssen, and J. K. Lynam. 1983. Ex ante analysis of new technology: A comparison of cassava for the feed and fresh markets in Colombia. Agricultural Systems 11:131–142.

Palisse, M., and J. Bartou. 1973. Le manioc et les patates douces, matières premieres glucidiques pour le poulet de chair. Journées de Recherches Avicoles et Cunicoles, 165–167. Paris: Institut Technique de l’Aviculture.

Payen, M. 1857. Composition et produits du manioc. Journal de la Société Nationale d’Horticulture de France 3:183–189.

Peixoto, A. R. 1965. Comparison of cassava meal and maize as feeds for growing and fattening pigs. Escola Agro. Eliseu Maciel, Pelotas, Brasil, November, 19.

Pereira, C. 1966. La yuca: Riqueza potencial inexplotada. Agrotecnia de Cuba 4(2):22–42.

Pfeffer, E., D. Hartmann, and H. Mohme. 1972. Einflüsse der Trocknungstemperatur und - dauer bei der Unterdachtrocknung vo Halmfutter auf den futterwert. Zetschrift für Tierphysiologie Tierernährung und Futtermittelkunde 30:212–221.

Pfeffer, E., J. Klapsing, and C. Besecke. 1975. Untersuchungen über den Einfluss steigender Tapiokazulagen auf den Stichstoffumsatz von Hammeln. Zetschrift für Tierphysiologie Tierernährung und Futtermittelkunde 35:101–112.

Phillips, T. P. 1974a. Cassava utilization and potential markets. Ottawa, Canada: International Development Research Centre, IDRC-020e. 182 pg.

Phillips, T. P. 1979a. Prospects for processing and marketing cassava products as animal feed. World Animal Review 31:36–40.

Polimanti, O. n.d. Influenza dell’alimentazione con gelatina, tapioca e glutine sull’accrescimento dei girini di rana. Rivista di Biologia 13:423–432.

Praminik, A. 1971. Prospects for tapioca cultivation and pellitization in Malaysia. The Planter 47:543.

Primer seminario nacional sobre yuca, Manihot esculenta, 10 Oct 1973. Tacarigua Estación Experimental “Samán Mocho”. 1973. Revista de la Facultad de Agronomía 22. Alcance, Venezuela. 167 pg.

Rakbamrung, K. 1970. The feeding tapioca trade in retrospect. The Thai Trade Association Yearbook, 1968–1969. Bangkok, Thailand.

Rendon, M., H. Benítez, and O. Marín. 1969. Yuca, Manihot esculenta, for feeding table chickens. Rev. Inst. Colombia, Agropecuario 4:159–171.

Rocha, G. L. da. 1968. Mandioca, batata doce...e leite no inverno. São Paulo, Brasil: Departamento da Produção Animal. 4 pg.

Ross, E., and F. Q. Enriquez. 1969. The nutritive value of cassava leaf meal. Poultry Science 48:846–853.

Scholz, H. K. B. W. 1972. Possibilidades de aproveitamento de partes aéreas da mandioca com forrageira. Banco del Nordeste do Brasil S.A. Departamento de Estudos Econômicos do Nordeste (ETENE). Divisão de Agricultura, Pesquisas tecnológicas sôbre a mandioca, 181–195. Fortaleza, Brasil.

Sebastia, J. M., et al. 1973. Farinha de mandioca como substituto parcial do milho, na alimentação de frangos de corte. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira. Série Zootecnia 8(2):61–64.

Seerley, R. W. 1972. Utilization of cassava as a livestock feed. A literature review and research recommendations on cassava, Manihot esculenta, Crantz, ed. by C. H. Hendershott, et al., 157–182. Athens, Ga.: Univ. of Georgia.

Serres, H. 1969. Rev. Elev. Vét. Pays Trop. 22:529.

Serres, H., and J. P. Tillon. 1972. Rev. Elev. Vét. Pays Trop. 25:455.

Shultz, E., T. A. Shultz, and C. F. Chicco. 1970. Agronômia Tropical 20:421. Maracay.

Shultz, T. A., C. F. Chicco, E. Shultz, and A. A. Carnevali. 1970. Agronômia Tropical 20:185. Maracay.

Shultz, T. A., E. Shultz, and C. F. Chicco. 1972. J. of Animal Science 35:865.

Silva, J. R. da. 1966. Farelo de ramas e folhas de mandioca na alimentação animal. Chácaras e Quintaes 114(6):663–666. Brasil.

Siriwardene, J. A. de S., and K. N. P. Ranaweera. 1974. Manioc leaf meal in poultry diets. Ceylon Veterinary J. 22(3–4):52–57.

Soares, P. R., J. Campos, and J. H. Conrad. 1968. Farelo integral de raspa de mandioca e. farelinko de trigo na alimentação de pintos. Experientie 8(4):109–141.

Squibb, R. L., and M. K. Wyld. 1951. Effect of yuca meal in baby chick rations. Turrialba, Costa Rica. 1(6):298–299.

Tabayoyong, T. T. 1935. The value of cassava refuse meal in the ration for growing chicks. Philippine Agr. 24:509–515.

Tapioca processing: A feasibility study. 1972. Alwaye: FACT Engineering and Design Organization.

Tejada de Hernandez, I., and S. Brambila. 1969. Técnica Pecuaria en México 12/13:5–11.

Teleni, E. 1972. Fiji Agricultural J. 34:81.

Temperton, H., and F. J. Dudley. 1941. Tapioca meal as a food for laying hens. Nutrition Abstracts and Reviews (July).

Tewe, O. O., and J. H. Maner. 1981. Performance and pathophysiological changes in pregnant pigs fed cassava diets containing different levels of cyanide. Research in Veterinary Science 30(2):147–151.

Tillon, J. P. 1973. Cassava in swine nutrition. II. Digestibility of cassava under various presentations. Rev. Elev. Med. Vet. Pays. Tropical 26(2):229–233.

Tracy, S. M. 1903. Cassava. Farmers’ Bulletin 167. Washington, D.C.: USDA. 31 pg.

Unctad-Gatt. 1968. The markets for manioc as a raw material for compound animal feedingstuffs in the Federal Republic of Germany, the Netherlands, and Belgium. Unctad-Gatt, Geneva: International Trade Centre. 94 pg.

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development/General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (UNCTAD/GATT). 1977. Cassava: Export potential and market requirements. Geneva: United Nations.

Velloso, L., A. J. Rodrigues, M. Becker, L. P. Neto, W. N. Scott, E. B. Kalil, L. Melotti, and G. L. DaRocha. 1965/1966. Part and complete replacement of maize by cassava in rations for growing and fattening pigs. Boletim Indùstria Animal 23:129–137. São Paulo.

Velloso, L., J. Silveira, A. J. Rodrigues, and N. W. Robinson. 1967. Estudo do valor de alguns fenos de plantas tropicais comparados a alfalfa em racoes de suinos. Boletim Indùstria Animal 24:53–57. São Paulo.

Viana, R. de, T. Phillips, and A. Hone. 1972. European manioc markets from 1973–1980: A Summary. Geneva. (Mimeo.)

Vogt, H. 1966. The use of tapioca meal in poultry rations. World Poultry Science J. 22(2):113–125.

Vogt, H., and K. Stute. 1964. Testing tapioca pellets in complex broiler feed. Arch. Geflugelk 28:342–358.

Vogt, H., and W. Penner. 1963. Inclusion of tapioca and cassava meals in feed for fattening chickens. Arch. Geflugelk 27:431–460.

Wijeratne, W. B. 1974. Cultivation, processing and utilization of cassava in Sri Lanka. Proceedings of an interdisciplinary workshop on cassava processing and storage,, Pattaya, Thailand, 17–19 April 1974, ed. by E. V. Araullo, B. Nestel, and M. Campbell, 73–75. Ottawa, Canada: International Development Research Centre, IDRC-031e.

Woodman, H. E., A. W. M. Kitchin, and R. E. Evans. 1931. The value of tapioca flour and sago pith meal in the nutrition of swine. J. of Agricultural Science 21:526–546.

Yoshida, M., et al. 1966. Nutritive value of various energy sources for poultry feed. IV. Estimations of available energy of cassava meal. Japanese Poultry Science 3:29–34.

Yoshida, M., H. Hishii, K. Kosaka, and H. Moromoto. 1966. Nutritive value of various energy sources for poultry feed. IV. Estimation of available energy of cassava meal. Japanese Poultry Sci. 3:39–44.

Zambia Ministry of Rural Development. 1965. Cassava as a pig food. Research Branch, Mount Makula Research Station, Chilanga.

Anthropology, see Ethnography

Archeology

Cruxent, José, and Irving Rouse. 1958. An archeological chronology of Venezuela. 2 Vols. Social Science Monographs, VI. Washington.

Deboer, W. R. 1975. The archaeological evidence for manioc cultivation: A cautionary note. American Antiquity 40(4):419–433.

Lathrap, D. W. 1970. The upper Amazon. New York: Praeger.

MacNeish, R. S. 1968. Preliminary archaeological investigations in the Sierra de Tamaulipas, Mexico. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 48(6):1–210.

Reichel-Dolmatoff, Gerardo, and Alicia Reichel-Dolmatoff. 1956. Momil, excavaciones en el Sinu. Revista Colombiana de Antropología 5:109–333.

Roosevelt, Anna. 1980. Parmana: Prehistoric maize and manioc subsistence along the Amazon and Orinoco. New York: Academic Press.

Salls, Roy A. 1985. The scraper plane: A functional interpretation. J. of Field Archaeology 12(1):99–106.

Sauer, J. 1951. Crop plants of ancient Peru modelled in pottery. Bulletin Mo. Botanical Garden 37:187–194.

Smith, C. E. 1968. The new world centres of origin of cultivated plants and the archeological evidence. Economic Botany 22(3):253–266.

Spath, C. D. 1973. Plant domestication: The case of Manihot esculenta. J. of the Steward Anthropological Society 5(1):45–67.

Sturtevant, W. C. 1969. History and ethnography of some West Indian starches: Manioc. Research Seminar in Archaeology and Related Subjects, London University 1968. The domestication and exploitation of plants and animals, ed. by P. J. Ucko, and G. W. Dimbleby, 177–183. Chicago: Aldine.

Turner, G. G., and L. M. C. Machado. 1983. A new dental wear pattern and evidence for high carbohydrate consumption in a Brazilian archaic skeletal population. American J. of Physical Anthropology 61(1):125–130.

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Biology, see Botany

Bitter and sweet, see Classification

Botany: includes biology, anatomy, chemical composition, and morphology

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Cock, J. H. 1975. Fisiología de la planta y desarrollo. Curso sobre producción de yuca. 35–43. Medellín: Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario Regional 4.

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Fontenelle, J. B. 1936. A mandioca. Campo, Brasil. 7(74):52–54.

Fukuba, H., Y. Abe, and E. M. T. Mendoza. 1983. Intestinal absorption of linamarin. Abstracts of papers, 134. Annual Meeting of Japanese Society of Nutrition and Food Science, Osaka, May 1983.

Garcia, V. V., O. B. Lapitan, D. M. Flores, and I. Uritani. 1984a. Changes in coumarin and phenol content and peroxidase activity as affected by drying methods for cassava root slices and their relation to food quality. Tropical root crops: Postharvest physiology and processing, ed. by I. Uritani, and E. D. Reyes, 299–309. Tokyo: Japan Scientific Societies Press.

Grant, W. F. 1974. Cassava chemotaxonomic classification study; progress report, November 1974. Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Canada: McGill Univ., Genetics Lab. 20 pg.

Grossman, J., and A. G. de Freitas. 1950. Determinação de teôr de matéria sêca pelo método de pêso específico em raíces de mandioca. Revista Agronómica 14:75–80. Porto Alegre, Brazil.

Guimaraes, F. 1937. Contribuição ao estudo químico-industrial das mandiocas brasileiras. Revista de la Sociedad Brasileira de Química 6:160–172.

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Jos, J. S., M. L. Magoon, R. S. Sadasiviah, and S. G. Appan. 1966. Studies on sterility in cassava. I. Mechanism of pollen abortion in some male sterile lines. Indian J. of Horticulture 23:177–184.

Kamil, M., et al. 1974. Biflavones from Manihot utilissima. Phytochemistry 13(11):2619–2620.

Lanjouw, J. 1939. Two interesting species of Manihot L. from Surinam. Recueil des Travaux Botaniques Néerlandais 36:543–549.

Leitao Filho, H. F. 1971. Caracterização botânica de cultivares de mandioca, Manihot esculenta, Crantz. Agronômico 23:73–91.

Lian, D. M. S., K. H. Teik, and C. S. Se. 1977. Aminopeptidase isosymes of the Malaysian cassava, Manihot esculenta, Crantz, varieties. Proceedings of the Malaysian Biochemical Society 4:206–217.

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Magoon, M. L., J. S. Jos, and K. N. Vasudevan. 1968. Male sterile cassava. The Nucleus 11:1–6.

Magoon, M. L., J. S. Jos, and S. G. Appan. 1966. Cytomorphology of the interspecific hybrid between cassava and ceara rubber. Chromosome Information Service 7:8–10. Japan.

Magoon, M. L., J. S. Jos, and S. G. Nair. 1969. A morphological embryological and cytological study of male sterility in Manihot esculenta, Crantz. Tropical Root and Tuber Crops Newsletter 2:10–11.

Magoon, M. L., R. Krishnan, and K. Vijayabai. 1970. Cytogenetics of F1 hybrid between cassava and ceara rubber and its back crosses. Genetica 41:3.

Malavolta, E., et al. 1954. Estudos sôbre a alimentação mineral da mandioca, Manihot utilissima, Pohl. Anais da Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” 11:12–40. Brasil.

Mandioqueira Doce, Manihot dulcis (Gmel.) Pax. Mandioquerira amarga, Manihot esculenta, Crantz. 1949. Agronomía Angolana 2:214–225.

Manihoteae. 1962. Flore du Congo et de Ruanda-Burundi 8(1):121–122.

Martin, F. W. 1970. Cassava in the world of tomorrow. Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Tropical Root and Tuber Crops 1:51–58.

McVaugh, R. 1961. Euphorbiaceae novae novogalicianae. Brittonia 13(2):145–205.

Mercado, T. 1939a. A comparative study of two bud sports of cassava and their parent variety. Philippine Agr. 28:308–320.

Milthorpe, F. L. 1969. Some physiological principles determining the yield of root crops. Proceedings of an International Symposium on Tropical Root Crops. St. Augustine 2:1–19. Trinidad: Univ. of the West Indies. 2–8 April 1967, ed. by E. A. Tai.

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Montoya, L. A., E. H. Casseres, G. Hernandez, R. Mosqueda, S. Brambila, and I. Tejada. 1967. Intra and interspecific crosses in the genus manihot. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Tropical Root Crops 1(1):89–99. St. Augustine, Trinidad: Univ. of the West Indies. 2–8 April 1967.

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Nartey, F. 1977a. The biogenesis of cyanogenic glucosides in germinating cassava seed and seedlings. Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Tropical Root Crops, Ibadan, Nigeria.

Nartey, F. 1977b. Lipase activity and the conversion of fat to carbohydrate in cassava, Manihot esculenta, Crantz. Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Tropical Root Crops, Cali, Colombia.

Nartey, F. 1978. Manihot esculenta, cassava: Cyanogenesis, ultrastructure and seed germination. Ph.D. dissertation. Univ. of Copenhagen. 262 pg. Denmark: Villadsen and Christensen.

Nartey, F., and B. L. Moller. 1973. Fatty acid profiles in germinating Manihot esculenta. Phytochemistry 12:2909–2911.

Nartey, F., and B. L. Moller. 1976. Amino acid profiles in cassava seeds, Manihot esculenta, Crantz. Economic Botany 30:419–423.

Nartey, F., B. L. Moller, and M. R. Andersen. 1973. The major constituents of cassava seed. Tropical Science 15:273–277.

Nartey, F., B. L. Moller, and M. R. Andersen. 1974. Changes in the major constituents of Manihot esculenta seeds during germination and growth. Economic Botany 28:145–154.

Nassar, N. M. A. 1976. Conservation of genetic resources of cassava (mandioca), Manihot esculenta, Crantz: Determination of wild species localities with emphasis on cassava probable origin. Ciência e Cultura 28(12):1486–1492.

Nassar, N. M. A. 1978b. Wild Manihot species of Central Brazil for cassava breeding. Canadian J. of Plant Science 58(1):257–261.

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Oyenuga, V. A. 1968. Nigeria’s foods and feedingstuffs. Ibadan, Nigeria: Ibadan Univ. Press.

Paine, J. 1939. A study and collection of the edible aroids, yams and cassavas of Trinidad, British West Indies. St. Augustine, Trinidad: Imperial College of Tropical Agriculture.

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Normanha, E. S., and A. S. Pereira. 1964. Cultura de mandioca. Instituto de Agronomico de Campinas, Bul. 124, 29 pg.

Oyenuga, V. A., and E. O. Amazigo. 1957. A note on the hydrocyanic acid content of cassava, Manihot utilissima, Pohl. West African J. of Biological Chemistry 1(2):39–43.

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Payne, H., and D. C. Webster. 1968. The toxicity of cassava varieties on two Jamaican soil types of differing potassium status. Kingston, Jamaica: Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, Crop Agronomy Division. 3 pg.

Pereira, A. S., and M. G. Pinto. 1962. Informações sobre as mandiocas de mesa, macaxeiras ou aipins. Agronômico 14:9–10. Campinas.

Pereira, A. S., and M. G. Pinto. 1962. Determinação da toxicadade da mandioca pelo paladar raízes “in natura”. Bragantia 21(25):145–150.

Pereira, A. S., J. P. Nery, and T. Igue. 1965. Seleção de novos clones de mandioca para mesa, pela toxicidade e paladar de suas raizes - in natura. Bragantia 24:55–58.

Prudhomme, E. 1920. Note sur la composition de six échantillons de manioc du Cambodge. Bulletin Agricole de l’Institut Scientifique de Saigon 2:196–199.

Pupo, L. M., et al. 1970. Avaliação sensorial de novos clones de mandioca. Coletânea do Instituto de Tecnologia de Alimentos 3:57–64.

Quisimbing, E. 1947. Philippine J. of Forestry 4:145.

Ramos-Ledon, L. J. 1969. Composition of Manihot plants as related to growth, development and certain other factors. Mag. Science thesis. Coral Gables, Fl: Univ. of Miami. 92 pg.

Ramos, N. E. 1970. Colombian studies for the improvement of Manihot esculenta culture. Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Tropical Root and Tuber Crops 1:83.

Rapport annuel 1955: Essai de maniocs doux dans la circonscription agricole d’Ambobambe. 1957. Centre Technique Agricole Tropical, Bulletin Trimestriel 2:46–50.

Renvoise, B. S. 1973. The area of origin of Manihot esculenta as a crop plant: A review of the evidence. Economic Botany 26:352–360.

Ribeiro Filho, J. 1966. Cultura da mandioca. Viçosa, Brasil: Univ. Rural do Estado de Minas Gerais, Escola Superior de Agricultura. 80 pg.

Rogers, D. J. 1957. Intraspecific categories of Manihot esculenta. Science 126:1234–1235.

Rogers, D. J. 1962. Summary of studies on Manihot esculenta. Proceedings of the Ninth Pacific Science Congress of the Pacific Science Association, 1957. Botany 4 (24).

Rogers, D. J. 1963a. Studies of Manihot esculenta, Crantz and related species. Bulletin of Torrey Bot. Club 90(1):43–54.

Rogers, D. J. 1963b. Taximetrics - new name, old concept. Brittonia 15:285–290.

Rogers, D. J. 1967. A computer-aided morphological classification of Manihot esculenta, Crantz. Proceedings of an International Symposium on Tropical Root Crops 1(1):57–80. St. Augustine, Trinidad: Univ. of the West Indies.

Rogers, D. J. 1972. Further considerations on the origin of Manihot esculenta, Crantz. Trop. Root and Tuber Crop Newsletter 6:4–9.

Rogers, D. J., and H. S. Fleming. 1964. A computer program for classifying plants. II. A numerical handling of nonnumerical data. BioScience 14:15–28.

Rogers, D. J., and H. S. Fleming. 1973. A monograph of Manihot esculenta with an explanation of the taximetrics methods used. Economic Botany 27:1–113.

Rogers, D. J., and S. G. Appan. 1969. Taximetric methods for delimiting biological species. Taxon 18:609–624.

Rogers, D. J., and S. G. Appan. 1970. Untapped genetic resources for cassava improvement. Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Tropical Root and Tuber Crops 1:72–75.

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Rogers, D. J., H. S. Fleming, and G. F. Estabrook. 1967. Use of computers in studies of taxonomy and evolution. Evolutionary Biology 1:169–196, ed. by T. Dobzhansky, M. K. Hecht, and W. C. Steere.

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Santana, A. M. 1973. Estudo da toxicidade. Projeto Mandioca, Relatório Semestral de Pesquisas 2: 74–75. Cruz das Almas, Brasil: Universidade Federal da Bahia, Escola de Agronomia. Convênio U.F.Ba./Brascan Nordeste.

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Schmidt, N. C., and A. S. Pereira. 1968. Comportamento do cultivar Mangiqueira, e de outros, de Manalioca, em solos da série Pinhão (terciário), no vale do Paraiba, Estado de São Paulo. Bragantia 27:249–255.

Schwerin, K. H. 1971. The bitter and the sweet: Some implications of techniques for preparing manioc. Paper presented to 1971 Annual Meeting of the American Anthropological Association.

Shukla, P. T. 1975. Cassava variety catalogue. Mwanza, Tanzania: ARI Ukiriguvu.

Silva, J. R. da. 1971. O programa da mandioca no Instituto Agronômico de Estado de São Paulo. Agronômico 23:49–71. Brasil.

Sinha, S. K., and T. V. R. Nair. 1968. Studies on the variability of cyanogenic glucoside content in cassava tubers. Indian J. of Agricultural Science 38(6):958–963.

Sohmer, S. H. 1966a. Possible evolutionary development of Manihot esculenta, Crantz. Association of Southeastern Biol. Bulletin 13(2):46.

Sohmer, S. H. 1966b. Taxonomical and cytological studies of some cultivars of Manihot esculenta, Crantz. M.S. thesis. Knoxville: Univ. of Tennessee. 63 pg.

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Stephens, J. M. 1965. Growing cassava in Florida. Gainesville, Fl.: Univ. of Florida, Agricultural Extension Service, Extension Vegetable Crops, Report 65(1). 3 pg. (Mimeo.)

Taborda, F., F. Tong, and A. Del Villar. n.d. Observaciones taxonómicas sobre yuca, Manihot esculenta, Crantz. Maracaibo, Venezuela: Univ. de Zulia, Facultad de Agronomía. 10 pg.

Tapioca. 1967b. Annual report 1967, 54–58. Kuching, Sarawak: Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Department of Agriculture, Research Branch.

Tapioca. 1972. Annual report 1970, 30–31. Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia: Sabah Department of Agriculture.

Tapioca variety trial, Tarat. 1966. Annual report 1965, 52–53. Kuching, Malaysia: Sarawak, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry.

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Two variety trials with cassava. 1957. Zanzibar: Department of Agriculture. Agricultural Report Supplement 1956, 7–8.

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Zijl, C. E. van der. 1930. Improvement of cassava cultivation by field experiments. Thesis. Wageningen: The Netherlands.

Climate

Aiyer, A. K. Y. 1958. Field crops of India. Bangalore, India: Bangalore Printing.

Averre, C. W. 1967. Vascular streaking of stored cassava roots. Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on Tropical Root and Tuber Crops 2(4):31–35. St. Augustine, Trinidad: Univ. of the West Indies.

Bolian, Charles E. 1971. Manioc cultivation in periodically flooded areas. Paper presented at American Anthropological Association Meeting, New York, November 1971.

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Cock, J. H., and S. C. Rosas. 1975a. Ecophysiology of cassava. Cali, Colombia: CIAT. 14 pg.

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Czyhrinciw, N. 1969. Consideraciones sobre industrialización de ráices y tubérculos tropicales. Rev. Fac. Agron. 5(2):110–117. Venezuela: Univ. Cent.

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Giraldo, C. C. 1970. Observaciones experimentales de campo como aporte al estudio del posible influjo de las fases lunares en el cultivo de la yuca. Tesis. Ing. Agr. Manizales, Colombia: Univ. de Caldas, Facultad de Agronomía. 36 pg.

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Graner, E. A., and J. T. M. Abrahao. 1970. Cultura da mandioca. Piracicaba, Brasil: Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Dept. de Agr. e Horticultura. 24 pg.

Heseltine, N. 1973. The ecological basis of agriculture in Madagascar. World Crops 25(1):34–40.

Hunt, L. A., J. D. Mahon, and S. B. Lowe. 1975. Growth rooms - tools for cassava research. Tropical Root and Tuber Crops Newsletter 8:15–19.

Jameson, J. D. 1964. Cassava mosaic diseases in Uganda. East African Agricultural J. 29:208–213.

Joachim, A. W. R., and D. G. Pandittesekere. 1944. Investigations on the hydrocyanic acid content of manioc, Manihot utilissima. Tropical Agriculturalist 100:150–163. Colombo, Ceylon.

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Ribeiro Filho, J. 1966. Cultura da mandioca. Viçosa, Brasil: Univ. Rural do Estado de Minas Gerais, Escola Superior de Agricultura. 80 pg.

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Zandstra, H. G. 1979. Cassava intercropping research: Agroclimatic and biological interactions. Proceedings of an international workshop on intercropping with cassava, held at Trivandrum, India, 27 Nov–1 Dec 1978, ed. by E. Weber, B. Nestel, and M. Campbell, 67–75. Ottawa, Canada: International Development Research Centre, IDRC-142e. 143 pg.

Cyanide

Adriaens, E. L. 1937. Note sur la toxicité des carottes de manioc. Bulletin des Séances-Institut Royal Colonial Belge 8:796–804.

Adriaens, E. L. 1946. Contribution à l’étude de la toxicité de manioc au Congo. Bruxelles, Institut Royal Colonial Belge, Section des Sciences Naturelles et Medicales, Mémoires 4(3):1–140.

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Arguedas, P., and R. D. Cooke. 1982b. Residual cyanide concentrations during the extraction of cassava starch. J. Food Technology 17:251–262.

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Balasundaram, C. S., R. Chandramani, P. Muthuswamy, and K. K. Krishnamoorthy. 1976. Distribution of hydrocyanic acid in different fractions during the extraction of leaf protein from cassava leaves. Indian J. of Nutrition and Dietetics 13(1):11–13.

Barrett, M. P. D., J. C. Alexander, and D. C. Hill. 1978. Utilization of 35S from radioactive methionine or sulfate in the detoxification of cyanide by rats. Nutrition and Metabolism 22:51–57.

Barrios, E. A., and R. Bressani. 1967. Composición quimica da la raíz y de la hoja de algunas variedadas de yuca, Manihot. Turrialba, Costa Rica. 17:314–320.

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Bileski, L. M., et al. 1977. Purificação e caracterização bioquímica de B-glicosídase “linamárse” da mandioca. Coletânea do Instituto de Tecnologia de Alimentos 8:329–444.

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Botero, R. O. 1968. Variación de ácido cianhidrico en 118 clones de yuca, Manihot sp. Agricultura Tropical 24:330–334.

Bourdoux, P., F. Delange, M. Gérard, M. Mafuta, A. Hanson, and A. M. Ermans. 1980. Antithyroid action of cassava in humans. Role of cassava in the etiology of endemic goitre and cretinism, ed. by A. M. Ermans, N. M. Mbulamoko, F. Delange, and R. Ahluwalia, 61–68. Ottawa, Canada: International Development Research Centre, IDRC-136e. 182 pg.

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Bruijn, G. H. de. 1971. Étude du caractère cyanogénétique du manioc, Manihot esculenta, Crantz. Ph.D. dissertation. H. Veenman, and N. V. Zonen, Wageningen, Netherlands, 140 pg.

Butler, G. W. 1965. The distribution of the cyanoglucosides linamarin and lotaustralin in higher plants. Phytochemistry 4:127–131.

Butler, G. W., and E. E. Conn. 1964. Biosynthesis of the cyanogenic glucosides linamarin and lotaustralin. J. Biological Chemistry 239:1674–1679.

Carmody, L. 1900. Prussic acid in sweet cassava. Lancet 8:736–737.

Cerighelli, R. 1955. Cultures tropicales. I. Plantes vivrières. Paris: Librairie Baillière et Fils, 289–378.

Chadha, Y. R. 1961. Sources of starch in Commonwealth Territories. III. Cassava. Tropical Science 3(3):101–113.

Chandraratna, M. F., and K. D. S. S. Nanayakkara. 1948. Studies in cassava. II. The production of hybrids. Tropical Agriculture 104:59–74. Ceylon.

Charavanapavan, C. 1944. Studies in manioc and lima-beans with special reference to their utilization as harmless food. Tropical Agriculturalist 100(3):164–168.

Chew, M. Y. 1972. Cyanide content of tapioca, Manihot utilissima, leaf. Malaysian Agricultural J. 48(4):354–356.

Chew, M. Y., and C. G. Boey. 1972. Rhodanese of tapioca leaf. Phytochemistry 11:167–169.

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Clark, A. 1936. Report on effects of certain poisons contained in food plants of West Africa upon the health of the native races. J. of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 39:269–276;285–295.

Clark, A. 1939. A preliminary note on the inhibitory effects of chronic poisoning by foods containing cyanic substances. J. Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 42:65.

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Cock, J. H. 1973a. Cyanide toxicity in relation to the cassava research program of CIAT in Colombia. Proceedings of an interdisciplinary workshop on chronic cassava toxicity, London, England, 29–30 January 1973, ed. by B. Nestel, and R. MacIntyre, 37–40. Ottawa, Canada: International Development Research Centre, IDRC-010e. 163 pg.

Collens, A. E. 1915. Bitter and sweet cassava - hydrocyanic acid contents. Bul. Agr. Trinidad and Tobago 14(2):54–57.

Cooke, R. D. 1978a. Cassava and the cyanide problem. West African Technical Revue 67–71.

Cooke, R. D. 1978b. An enzymatic assay for the total cyanide content of cassava, Manihot esculenta, Crantz. J. of the Science of Food and Agriculture 29:345–352.

Cooke, R. D. 1979. Enzymatic assay for determining the cyanide content of cassava and cassava products. Cassava information center, ed. by T. Brekelbaum, and G. Gomez, 2–14. Cali, Colombia: CIAT. Series 05EC-6.

Cooke, R. D. 1983. Effects of cassava processing on residual cyanide. Proceedings of a Workshop on Cassava Toxicity and Thyroid: Research and Public Health Issues, 31 May–2 June 1982, ed. by F. Delange, and R. Ahluwalia, 138–142. Ottawa, Canada: IDRC. IDRC-207e.

Cooke, R. D., A. K. Howland, and S. K. Hahn. 1978. Screening cassava for low cyanide using an enzymatic assay. Experimental Agriculture 14:367–372.

Cooke, R. D., and D. G. Coursey. 1981. Cassava: A major cyanide-containing food crop. Cyanide in biology, ed. by B. Vennesland, et al., 93–114. London: Academic Press.

Cooke, R. D., and E. M. de la Cruz. 1982a. The changes in cyanide content of cassava, Manihot esculenta, Crantz, tissues during plant development. J. of the Science of Food and Agriculture 33:269–275.

Cooke, R. D., and E. M. de la Cruz. 1982b. Evaluation of enzymatic and autolytic assays for cyanide in cassava, Manihot esculenta, Crantz. J. of the Science of Food and Agriculture 33:1001–1009.

Cooke, R. D., and E. N. Maduagwu. 1978. The effects of simple processing on the cyanide content of cassava chips. J. of Food Technology 13(4):299–306.

Cooke, R. D., and G. C. Blake. 1977. Enzymatic assay for total cyanide content of cassava and cassava products. Abstract, 924. 11th Federation of European Biochemical Societies Meetings, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Costa, A. P. da, et al. 1973. Determinação, por difusão, do HCN da mandioca, Manihot esculenta, Crantz. Arquivos de Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro 3(1):75–78.

Cousins, H. H. 1903. Cassava from Colombia. Bulletin of the Department of Agriculture 1:35–38. Jamaica.

Cousins, H. H. 1907. Cassava trials in 1907. Bulletin of the Department of Agriculture, 78–86. Jamaica.

de G. Paula, R. D., and J. Rangel. 1946. HCN of bitter and sweet manioc. Chemistry Abstracts 39:2161.

de G. Paula, R. D., and J. L. Rangel. 1939. Dosagem de ácido cianídrico na mandioca e seus derivados. Revista Alimentar 3(29):215–217. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Dean, L. A. 1937. Hydrocyanic acid content of Hawaii-grown cassava. Report of Hawaii Agricultural Experiment Station, 49.

Delange, F., C. Thilly, and A. M. Ermans. 1968. Iodine deficiency, a permissive condition in the development of endemic goiter. J. of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 28:114–116.

Dhahmalingam, C., et al. 1973. Varietal assessment of Manihot esculenta, Crantz, in relation to chemical constituents. Madras Agricultural J. 60(9–12):1613–1616.

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Editorial. 1961. Tropical Agriculturist 117:147.

Ekpechi, O. L., A. Dimitriadou, and R. Fraser. 1966. Goitrogenic activity of cassava (a staple Nigerian food). Nature 20(5014):1137–1138. London.

Ermans, A. M., C. Thilly, H. L. Vis, and F. Delange. 1969. Permissive nature of iodine deficiency in the development of endemic goiter. Endemic goiter, ed. by J. B. Stanbury, 101–117. Pan American Health Organization Sciene Publication 193.

Ermans, A. M., F. Delange, M. van der Velden, and J. Kinthaert. 1972. Possible role of cyanide and thiocyanate in the etiology of endemic cretinism in human development and thyroid gland: Relation to endemic cretinism. Human development and the thyroid gland, ed. by J. B. Stanbury, and R. L. Kroc, 455–486. New York: Plenum Press.

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Fafunso, M., and O. Bassir. 1976a. The disappearance of cyanide from cassava leaves during leaf protein extraction. West African J. of Biological and Applied Chemistry 19(2):30–34.

Fernandez, H., and R. D. Cooke. 1978. Research in Costa Rica: The effects of cassava processing on residual cyanide contents. Cassava Newsletter 4:10–11.

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Von Hagen, V. W. 1949. The bitter cassava eaters. Natural History 58(3):120–124.

Westley, J. 1973. Rhodanese. Adv. Enzymol. Relat. Areas Mol. Biology 39:327–368.

Williams, H. J. 1979. Estimation of hydrogen cyanide released from cassava by organic solvents. Experimental Agriculture 15:393–399.

Wilson, J. 1965. Leber’s hereditary optic atrophy: A possible defect of cyanide metabolism. Clinical Science 29:505–513.

Wilson, J. 1973. Cyanide and human disease. Proceedings of an interdisciplinary workshop on chronic cassava toxicity, London, England, 29–30 January 1973, ed. by B. Nestel, and R. MacIntyre, 121–125. Ottawa, Canada: International Development Research Centre, IDRC-010e. 163 pg.

Wilson, J., J. C. Linnell, and D. M. Matthews. 1971. Plasma-cobalamins in neuro-ophthalmological diseases. Lancet 1:259–261.

Wilson, L. A. 1974. Improvement and development of tropical root crops. Interaction of agriculture with food science, ed. by R. MacIntyre, 65–92. Ottawa, Canada: IDRC-033e.

Winkler, W. O. 1951. Report on hydrocyanic glucosides. J. of the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists 34:541–548.

Wokes, F., N. Baxter, J. Horsford, and B. Preston. 1951. Effect of light on vitamin B12. Biochemical J. 53:19-20.

Wood, J. L., and S. L. Cooley. 1956. Detoxication of cyanide by cystine. J. of Biological Chemistry 218:449–457.

Wood, T. 1965a. The toxic and nutritional qualities of cassava. West African Pharmacist 7(1):2–4.

Wood, T. 1966. The isolation, properties and enzymic breakdown of linamarin from cassava. J. of the Science of Food and Agriculture 17(1):85–90.

Woolmington, K. G. 1961. Determination of hydrogen cyanide by gas chromatography. J. of Applied Chemistry 11:114–120.

Zehntner, L. 1919. Estudo sobre algumas variedades de mandiocas Brasileiras. Rio de Janeiro, Brasil: Sociedad Nacional de Agricultura. (Reprinted 1947 in Bragantia 7(1):22).

Zitnak, A. 1973. Assay methods for hydrocyanic acid in plant tissues and their application in studies of cyanogenic glycosides in Manihot esculenta. Proceedings of an interdisciplinary workshop on chronic cassava toxicity, London, England, 29–30 January 1973, ed. by B. Nestel, and R. MacIntyre, 89–96. Ottawa, Canada: International Development Research Centre, IDRC-010e. 163 pg.

Cyanogenesis

Adriaens, E. L. 1946. Contribution à l’étude de la toxicité de manioc au Congo. Bruxelles, Institut Royal Colonial Belge, Section des Sciences Naturelles et Medicales, Mémoires 4(3):1–140.

Bangham, W. N. 1950. Chemuriga Digest 9(10):10.

Bissett, F. H., R. C. Clapp, R. A. Coburn, M. G. Ettlinger, and L. Long. 1969. Cyanogenesis in manioc: Concerning lotaustralin. Phytochemistry 8:2235–2247.

Bolhuis, G. G. 1962. Protein content of tropical food crops. World Crops 14(19):197–301.

Bruijn, G. H. de. 1971. Étude du caractère cyanogénétique du manioc, Manihot esculenta, Crantz. Ph.D. dissertation. H. Veenman, and N. V. Zonen, Wageningen, Netherlands, 140 pg.

Butler, G. W., and E. E. Conn. 1964. Biosynthesis of the cyanogenic glucosides linamarin and lotaustralin. J. of Biological Chemistry 239:1674–1679.

Butler, G. W., P. F. Reay, and B. A. Tapper. 1973. Physiological and genetic aspects of cyanogenesis in cassava and other plants. Proceedings of an interdisciplinary workshop on chronic cassava toxicity, London, England, 29–30 January 1973, ed. by B. Nestel, and R. MacIntyre, 65–71. Ottawa, Canada: IDRC. IDRC-010e. 163 pg.

Cerighelli, R. 1955. Cultures tropicales. I. Plantes vivrières, 289–378. Paris: Librairie Baillière et Fils.

Charavanapavan, C. 1944. Studies in manioc and lima-beans with special reference to their utilization as harmless food. Tropical Agriculturalist 100(3):164–168.

Clapp, R. C., F. H. Bissett, R. A. Coburn, and L. Long. 1966. Cyanogenesis in manioc: Linamarin and isolinamarin. Phytochemistry 5:1323–1326.

Conn, E. E. 1969. Cyanogenic glycosides. Agr. Food Chemistry 17:519–526.

Conn, E. E. 1973a. Biosynthesis of cyanogenic glycosides. Nitrogen metabolism in plants. Joint IUBS/UBS Symposium, T. Goodwin and Biochemical Soc.

Conn, E. E. 1973b. Cyanogenic glycosides: Their occurrence, biosynthesis and function. Proceedings of an interdisciplinary workshop on chronic cassava toxicity, London, England, 29–30 January 1973, ed. by B. Nestel, and R. MacIntyre, 55–63. Ottawa, Canada: International Development Research Centre, IDRC-010e. 163 pg.

Conn, E. E. 1978. Cyanogenesis, the production of hydrogen cyanide, by plants. Effects of poisonous plants on livestock, ed. by R. F. Keller, K. R. Van Kampen, and L. F. James, 86–95. New York: Academic Press.

Conn, E. E. 1979. Cyanogenic glucosides. Biochemistry of nutrition IA, ed. by A. Neuberger, and T. H. Jukes, 27:21–43. Baltimore: Univ. Park Press.

Conn, E. E. 1980a. Cyanogenic compounds. Annual Review of Plant Physiology 31:433–451.

Conn, E. E. 1980b. Cyanogenic glycosides. Secondary plant products, ed. by E. A. Bell, and B. V. Charlwood. Encycolpedia of plant physiology. New Series 8:461–491. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag.

Conn, E. E., and G. W. Butler. 1969. The biosynthesis of cyanogenic glycosides and other simple nitrogen compounds. Perspectives in phytochemistry, ed. by J. B. Harborne, and T. Swain, 47–74. London: Academic Press.

Cooke, R. D., and D. G. Coursey. 1981. Cassava: A major cyanide-containing food crop. Cyanide in biology, ed. by B. Vennesland, et al., 93–114. London: Academic Press.

Coursey, D. G. 1973. Cassava as food: Toxicity and technology.Proceedings of an interdisciplinary workshop on chronic cassava toxicity, London, England, 29–30 January 1973, ed. by B. Nestel, and R. MacIntyre, 27–36. Ottawa, Canada: International Development Research Centre, IDRC-010e. 163 pg.

Dunstan, W. R., et al. 1907. Cyanogenesis in plants. VI. On phaseolunatin and the associated enzymes in flax, cassava, and the “lima bean”. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B. Biological Sciences 79:315–322.

Dunstan, W. R., T. A. Henry, and S. J. M. Auld. 1906. Cyanogenesis in plants. V. The occurrence of phaseolunatin in cassava, Manihot aipi and Manihot utilissima. Proceedings of the Royal Society 78:152–158.

Esquivel, T. F., and N. Maravalhas. 1973. J. of Agr. Food Chemistry 21:321.

Eyjolfsson, R. 1970. Recent advances in the chemistry of cyanogenic glycosides. Fortschritte der Chemie Organ. Naturstoffe 28:74–108.

Fukuba, H. 1982. On the determination of cyanogenic glucosides in cassava (focusing on isotachoelectrophoretic works). Abstracts of papers, 48. Annual Meeting of Japanese Soc. of Nutrition and Food Sci., Tokyo, May 1982.

Hampel, G. 1958. Bedeutung und mikroskopischer Nachweis von Tapiokawurzelmehl. Zeitschrift für Lebensmitteluntersuchung und-forschung 108:48–53.

Igarashi, O., H. Fukuba, and E. M. T. Mendoza. 1983. Influences of cooking methods for the detoxification of cyanogenic glucosides contained in cassava roots. Abstracts of papers, 133. Annual Meeting of Japanese Society of Nutrition and Food Science, Osaka, May 1983.

Jansz, E. R., and C. Nethsingha. 1978. Manioc: Selected topics. J. of the National Science Council of Sri Lanka 1:83–96.

Jansz, E. R., N. Pieris, E. E. Jeyaraj, and D. J. Abeyratne. 1974. Cyanogenic glucoside content of manioc. II. Detoxification of manioc chips and flour. J. of the National Science Council of Sri Lanka 2:129–34.

Jones, D. A. 1972. Cyanogenic glycosides and their function. Phytochemical ecology, ed. by J. B. Harborne, 103–124. London: Academic Press.

Karrer, W. 1958. Cyanide, cyanogene glykoside. Konstitution und Vorkommen der Organischen Pflanzenstoffe, 947–951. Birkhäuser Verlag Basel and Stuttgart.

Kurian, T. et al. 1976. Regulation of the levels of cyanogenetic glucosides in cassava, Manihot esculenta. J. of Root Crops 2(2):39–43.

Lee, Y. K., and S. L. Hwang. 1946. Further studies on the cyanogenetic compounds of cassava. Kwangsi Agriculture 6:1–11.

McIlloy, R. J. 1951. The plant glycosides. London: Edward Arnold and Co.

Montgomery, R. D. 1965. The medical significance of cyanogen in plant foodstuffs. American J. of Clinical Nutrition 17:103–113.

Montgomery, R. D. 1969. Cyanogens. Toxic constituents of plant foodstuffs, ed. by I. E. Liener, 143–157. New York: Academic Press.

Nartey, F. 1968. Studies on cassava, Manihot utilissima, Pohl. I. Cyanogenesis: The biosynthesis of linamarin and lotaustralin in etiolated seedlings. Phytochemistry 7:1307–1312.

Nartey, F. 1969. Studies on cassava, Manihot utilissima. II. Biosynthesis of asparagine-14C for 14C-labelled hydrogen cyanide and its relations with cyanogenesis. Physiologica Plantarum 22:1085–1096.

Nartey, F. 1973a. Cyanogenesis and metabolic changes associated with ultrastructural development in cassava, Manihot esculenta, Crantz. Denmark: Univ. of Copenhagen, Institute of Plant Physiology. 18 pg.

Nartey, F. 1973b. Biosynthesis of cyanogenic glucosides in cassava, Manihot sp. Proceedings of an interdisciplinary workshop on chronic cassava toxicity, London, England, 29–30 January 1973, ed. by B. Nestel, and R. MacIntyre, 73–87. Ottawa, Canada: International Development Research Centre, IDRC-010e. 163 pg.

Nartey, F. 1977a. The biogenesis of cyanogenic glucosides in germinating cassava seed and seedlings. Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Tropical Root Crops, Ibadan, Nigeria.

Nartey, F. 1978. Manihot esculenta, cassava: Cyanogenesis, ultrastructure and seed germination. Ph.D. dissertation. Denmark: Univ. of Copenhagen, Villadsen and Christensen. 262 pg.

Nestel, B. L., and R. MacIntyre, eds. 1975. The International Exchange and Testing of Cassava Germ Plasm. Proceedings of an interdisciplinary workshop held at CIAT, Palmira, Colombia, 4–6 February 1975. Ottawa, Canada: International Development Research Centre, IDRC-049e. 74 pg.

Normanha, E. S. 1961b. Eliminação de verreno da mandioca. Chácaras Qamtaos 104(6):843.

Normanha, E. S. 1965b. Estudos sôbre mandioca brava. Ciência e Cultura 17(2):196. Brasil.

Oke, O. L. 1979. Some aspects of the role of cyanogenic glycosides in nutrition. World Review of Nutrition and Dietetics 33:70–103.

Osuntokun, B. O. 1970. Cassava diet and cyanide metabolism in Wistar rats. British J. of Nutrition 24:797–800.

Peckolt, T. 1886. (Cited by O. L. Oke, 1968.)

Pieris, N., and E. R. Jansz. 1975. Cyanogenic glucoside content of manioc. III. Fate of bound cyanide on processing and cooking. J. of the National Science Council of Sri Lanka 3:41–50.

Pollard, C., and S. Levi. 1959. Nature 183:620–621.

Razafimahery, R. 1954. The cyanogenetic glucosides of Cape peas, manioc and bononoka. Bul. Acad. Malgache 31:71–77.

Robinson, M. E. 1930. Cyanogenesis in plants. Biology Reviews 5:126–141.

Robinson, T. 1963. The organic constituents of higher plants. Minneapolis: Burgess Publ. Co.

Rogers, D. J. 1963a. Studies of Manihot esculenta, Crantz and related species. Bulletin of Torrey Bot. Club 90(1):43–54.

Sadik, S. 1973. Screening for acyanogenesis in cassava. Paper presented at the 3rd International Symposium on Tropical Root Crops, held at IITA, 2–9 Dec. 1973.

Sadik, S., O. U. Okereke, and S. K. Hahn. 1974. Screening for acyanogenesis in cassava. IITA Technical Bulletin 4. 4 pg.

Screening for acyanogenesis in cassava. 1974. Technical Bulletin 4. Ibadan, Nigeria: International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA).

Shanmugan, A., and P. Selvaraj. 1974. Effect of ethrel on the cyano-glucoside content of tapioca, Manihot esculenta, Crantz, roots. Science and Culture 40(8):366–368.

Sinha, S. K. 1969. Cyanogenic glucoside production and its possible control in cassava. Indian J. of Plant Physiology 12(1/2):140–147.

Sinha, S. K., and T. V. R. Nair. 1968. Studies on the variability of cyanogenic glucoside content in cassava tubers. Indian J. of Agricultural Science 38(6):958–963.

Wood, T. 1965b. The cyanogenic glucoside content of cassava and cassava products. J. of the Science of Food and Agriculture 16(6):300–305.

Wood, T. 1966. The isolation, properties and enzymic breakdown of linamarin from cassava. J. of the Science of Food and Agriculture 17(1):85–90.

Zehntner, L. 1919. Estudo sobre algumas variedades de mandiocas Brasileiras. Rio de Janeiro, Brasil: Sociedad Nacional de Agricultura. (Reprinted 1947 in Bragantia 7(1):22).

Zilg, H., B. A. Tapper, and E. E. Conn. 1972. The origin of the glucoside linkage oxygen of the cyanogenic glucosides linamarin and lotaustralin. J. of Biological Chemistry 247:2384–2386.

Diet, see Nutrition

Disease

Agbo, F. M. 1974. Preliminary field screening for cassava bacterial blight resistance. Proceedings of a 1st Workshop on Cassava Bacterial Blight in Nigeria. Umudike, Nigeria, 1974, ed. by E. U. Okpala, and H.J. Glaser, 52–56. Umudike, Nigeria: Federal Agricultural Research and Training Station.

Ajmad, D., and J. F. Pereira. 1977. Study of vascular streaking in cassava. Jusepin, Venezuela: Universidad de Oriente. Escuela de Ingeniera Agronómica. 47 pg.

Alagianagalingam, M. N., and K. Ramakrishnan. 1966. Cassava mosaic in India. South Indian Horticulture 14(1–4):71–72.

Alagianagalingam, M. N., and K. Ramakrishnan. 1970. Studies on a virus disease of tapioca, Manihot esculenta, Crantz. II. Carbohydrate metabolism. Madras Agricultural J. 57(2):55–62.

Alagianagalingam, M. N., and K. Ramakrishnan. 1975. Effect of cassava mosaic virus on the nitrogen metabolism of cassava, Manihot esculenta, Crantz. Madras Agricultural J. 61(1–2):18–26.

Albuquerque, F. C., and M. M. Figueiredo. 1968. Podridão mole das raízes da mandioca, Manihot esculenta, Crantz. Anais da Sociedade Botánica do Brasil, 77–84.

Amaral, J. F. do. 1942. Estudo do organismo cauxdor da bacteriose da mandioca. Arquivos do Instituto Biológico 13:119–125. São Paulo, Brasil.

Amaral, J. F. do. 1945. Doenças vasculares das plantas causadas por bactérias. Arquivos do Instituto Biológico 11(9):250–253. São Paulo.

Amaral, J. F. do. 1958. Caracteres biguímicos de Xanthomonas manihotis e X. rubrisulbalbicans e suas posições nas chaves de Burkholder (Schizomycetes, Pseudomonaceae). Arquivos do Instituto Biológico 25:67–72. São Paulo.

Amaral, J. F. do, and L. G. Vasconcelos. 1945. Novos estudos do agente etiológico da bacteriose da mandioca. Arquivos do Instituto Biológico 16:361–368. São Paulo.

Ambe-Tumanteh, J. 1980. Preliminary investigation into the relationship between soil nutrient status, pest nutrient uptake and cassava mosaic disease symptom expression in a cassava local cultivar, Isunikakiyan. Master’s thesis. Ibadan, Nigeria: Univ. of Ibadan.

Aquaron, R. 1977. Urinary, salivary and plasma levels of thiocyanate in goitrous and nongoitrous areas of Cameroun after cassava diet. Annals Endocrinology 38(5). Paris.

Arene, O. B. 1974a. Preliminary evaluation of some fungicides for the control of bacterial blight disease of cassava caused by Xanthomonas manihotiis (Arthaud-Berthet and Boudor) Burkholder. Proceedings of 1st Workshop on Cassava Bacterial Blight in Nigeria, Umudike, Nigeria, 1974, ed. by E. U. Okpala, and H. J. Glaser, 57–60. Umudike, Nigeria: Federal Agricultural Research and Training Station.

Arene, O. B. 1974b. Rating system for cassava cultivars to the resistance of cassava bacterial blight disease caused by X. manihotiis at FARTS, Umudike. Proceedings of 1st Workshop on Cassava Bacterial Blight in Nigeria, Umudike, Nigeria, 1974, ed. by E. U. Okpala, and H. J. Glaser, 70–72. Umudike, Nigeria: Federal Agricultural Research and Training Station.

Arene, O. B. 1974c. A short epistemology of some diseases of cassava in Nigeria. Umudike, Nigeria: Federal Agricultural Research and Training Station, Technical Bulletin. 36 pg.

Arraudeau, M. n.db. Communication sur le manioc, la patate douce et la pomme de terre. Tananarive: Institut de Recherches Agronomiques Tropicales et des Cultures Vivrières. 11 pg.

Averre, C. W. 1970. Effect of packaging on vascular streaking of fresh cassava roots. Proceedings of the VIII Reuníon Latinoamericana de Fitotecnia, 223. Bogotá, Colombia.

Backyard to semi-commercial cassava production. 1973. PCAR, Crops Research Division. 5 pg. (Mimeo.)

Bacterial wilt disease of cassava. 1973. Advisory Bulletin 1. Umudike, Umahahia-Ibeku, Nigeria: Federal Agricultural Research and Training Station. 18 pg.

Baker, C. F. 1914. A review of some Philippine plant diseases. Philippine Agriculturist and Forester 3(7):157–164.

Bartolini, P. U., S. Hirose, and S. Sawayama. 1984. Root crop survey in Visayas (Leyte and the Camotes Islands, Cebu) B. The Camotes Islands survey. Tropical root crops: Postharvest physiology and processing, ed. by I. Uritani, and E. D. Reyes, 23–29. Tokyo: Japan Scientific Societies Press.

Beck, B. D. A. 1960. Cassava trials on Moor Plantation. Annual Report 1958–1959, 11–16. Lagos, Nigeria: Department of Agricultural Research.

Beck, B. D. A. 1971a. Cassava production in West Africa. Paper presented at an agricultural research seminar on Root and Tuber Crops. Nigeria: Univ. of Ibadan. 22–26 February 1971.

Beck, B. D. A. 1971b. The breeding goals in cassava breeding programme in West Africa. Lagos, Nigeria: Ford Foundation.

Beck, B. D. A., and S. R. Chant. 1958. A preliminary investigation on the effect of mosaic virus on Manihot utilissima, Pohl. in Nigeria. Tropical Agriculture 35(1):59–64. Trinidad.

Bediako, M. K. B., and J. S. Robinson. n.d. Cassava cyanoglucosides in the etiology of endemic goiter in Liberia. (Mimeo.)

Bellotti, A., J. A. Reyes, and B. Arias. 1980. Manejo de plagas en yuca. Manual de producción de yuca, 23–33. Cali, Colombia: CIAT.

Berbee, F. M., J. G. Berbee, and A. C. Hilderbrandt. 1973. Vitro 8:421.

Bitancourt, A. A. 1941. Agente de bateriose da mandioca. Arquivos do Instituto Biológico 7(2):37. São Paulo.

Bitancourt, A. A., and A. E. Jenkins. 1950a. Sphaceloma manihoticola sp. Arquivos do Instituto Biológico 20:15–16. São Paulo.

Bock, K. R., and E. J. Guthrie. 1976. Recent advances in research on cassava viruses in East Africa. African cassava mosaic, ed. by B. Nestel, 11–16. Ottawa, Canada: IDRC. IDRC-071e.

Bock, K. R., and E. J. Guthrie. 1977. African mosaic disease in Kenya. Proceedings of the Cassava Protection Workshop, CIAT, Cali, Colombia. 244 pg.

Bock, K. R., E. J. Guthrie, and G. Meredith. 1978. Distribution, host range, properties and purification of cassava latent virus, a gemini virus. Annals of Applied Biology 90:361–367.

Bondar, G. 1912. Uma nova moléstia bacteriana das hastes da mandioca. Chácaras e Quintaes 5(4):15–18.

Bondar, G. 1939. A bacteriose da mandioca. Campo 10(119):28–30. Brasil.

Boonsue, B., and S. Sinthuprama. 1975. Thailand (cassava germplasm). The International Exchange and Testing of Cassava Germ Plasm. Proceedings of an interdisciplinary workshop, Palmira, Colombia, 1975, ed. by B. Nestel, and R. MacIntyre, 23–24. Ottawa, Canada: IDRC.

Booth, R. H. 1976. Storage of fresh cassava, Manihot esculenta I. Postharvest deterioration and its control. Experimental Agriculture 12:103–111.

Booth, R. H. 1978a. A review of root rot diseases in cassava. Proceedings of the Cassava Protection Workshop, 7–9 Nov. 1977, ed. by T. Brekelbaum, A. Bellotti, and J. C. Lozano, 121–133. Cali, Colombia: CIAT. Series CE-14. 244 pg.

Booth, R. H., and J. C. Lozano. 1979. Cassava bacterial blight in South East Asia. Plant Diseases Reporter 62(6):529–530.

Boshell, J. S. 1968. Annual Report (appendix). Belém, Brazil: Belém Virus Laboratory.

Bourdoux, P., F. Delange, L. Vanderlinden, and A. M. Ermans. 1978. Mise en évidence d’un facteur alimentaire distinct de la carence iodee dans la pathogenie du goitre. Ann. Endocrinologie 39(2):153–154. Paris.

Bourdoux, P., F. Delange, M. Gérard, M. Mafuta, A. Hanson, and A. M. Ermans. 1978. Evidence that cassava ingestion increases thiocyanate formation: A possible etiologic factor in endemic goiter. J. Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 46(4):613–621.

Bouriquet, G. 1933. Réunion: Plant parasites newly recorded in the Island. International Bulletin of Plant Prot. 7(6):123.

Bouriquet, G. 1946a. Les maladies des plantes cultivées à Madagascar. Encycl. Mycol. 12:545.

Bouriquet, G. 1946b. Les maladies du manioc. Les maladies des plantes cultivées à Madagascar, 198–237. Paris: Paul Chevalier.

Bouriquet, G. 1949. Pathologie du manioc dans les territoires français d’outre-mer. Cong. des maniocs Sept. Institut Colonial de Marseille. 73–75.

Brandão Filho, J. S. 1940. Meios de contrôle e bacteriose da mandioca. Campo 11(10):62–63. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Brathwaite, C. W. D. 1972. Plant Diseases. Reporter 56.

Briant, A. K., and R. Johns. 1940. Cassava investigations in Zanzibar. East African Agricultural J. 5(6):404–412.

Brock, J. F., and M. Autret. 1952. Kwashiorkor in Africa. Geneva: World Health Organization.

Brussens, H. 1958. Les peuplades de l’Entre Congo-Ubangi (Ngbandi, Ngbaka, Mbanda, Ngombe et Gens d’Eau). Annales du Musée Royal du Congo Belge, Tervuren, Belgique. Monographies ethnographiques, 219 pg.

Burton, C. L. 1970. Diseases of tropical vegetables on the Chicago market. Tropical Agriculture 47(4):303–313. Trinidad.

Cameroon National Root Crops Improvement Programme (CNRCIP). 1986. Progress report. Institute of Agronomic Research (Institut de la Recherche Agronomique), Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, Republic of Cameroon.

Cardin, P. 1910. Insectos y enfermedades de la yuca en Cuba. Est. Exp. Agronómica. Boletín 20, Havana. 28 pg.

Care, A. D. 1954. Goitrogenic activity in linseed. New Zealand J. of Science Technology 36:321–327.

Carneiro, J. G. 1935. Doença bacteriana da mandioca. Arquivos do Instituto Biológico 1:447. São Paulo.

Cassava progam annual report 1980. 1981. Cali, Colombia: CIAT. 93 pg.

Castaño, J. J. 1954. Reproducción artificial de los síntomas lesionales típicos de la llaga negra o podredumbre negra radicular del cafeto. Bol. Inf. Colombia 5(51):32.

Castro, J. B. de. 1957. A cultura da mandioca e a bacteriose. Suplemento Agrícola 8. 2 pg.

Castro, J. B. de, R. D. Gonçlaves, and E. S. Normanha. 1939. A bacteriose da mandioca. Bahia Rural 6:225–226.

Caurie, M. 1966. Studies on the mycoflora associated with drying chips of Manihot esculenta, Crantz. M.S. thesis. Univ. of Ghana.

Caveness, F. E. 1984. Cassava storage root yield losses from root-knot nematodode, Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica, parasitism. 6th Symposium of the International Society for Tropical Root Crops (ISTRC) 6:381–387. Lima, Peru, 21–26 February 1983.

Chant, S. R. 1958. Studies on the transmission of cassava mosaic virus by Bemisia sp. (Aleyrodidae). Annals of Applied Biology 46:210–215.

Chant, S. R. 1959. A note on the inactivation of mosaic virus in cassava, Manihot utilissima, Pohl, by heat treatment. Emp. J. of Experimental Agriculture 27(105):55–58.

Chant, S. R., and D. B. A. Beck. 1959. The effect of cassava mosaic virus on the anatomy of cassava leaves. Tropical Agriculture 36(3):231–236. Trinidad.

Chant, S. R., J. G. Bateman, and D. C. Bates. 1971. Tropical Agriculture 48:263.

Chapola, G. 1979. The effect of severity of mosaic on yield of cassava. Unpublished ms.

Chevaugeon, J. 1950. Maladies cryptogramequies du manioc en Côte d’ivoire. I. Observations preleminaires sur la necrose des sommités. Rev. Path. Vég. 29:3–9.

Chevaugeon, J. 1952. Maladies des plantes cultivées en moyenne-casamance et dans le Delta central nigénen. Rev. Path. Vég. 31(1):3–51.

Chevaugeon, J. 1956a. Les maladies cryptogamiques du manioc en Afrique Occidentale. Encycl. Mycologie 28:1–105.

Chevaugeon, J. 1956b. Enqûete phytopathologique dans le bassin du Cavally. Supplement Colonial a la Revue de Mycologie 21(2):57–86.

Childs, A. H. B. 1957. Trials with virus resistant cassavas in Tanga Province, Tanganyika. East African Agricultural J. 36(3):231–236. Nairobi.

Childs, A. H. B. 1961. Cassava. Tanganyika Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Agriculture, Bulletin 15. 5 pg.

Chronic cyanide neurotoxicity. 1969. Lancet 2:942–943.

Clark, A. 1935. On the aetiology of pellagra and allied nutritional diseases. West African Medical J. 8:7–9.

Clark, A. 1936. Report on effects of certain poisons contained in food plants of West Africa upon the health of the native races. J. of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 39:269–276; 285–295.

Clark, A. 1939. A preliminary note on the inhibitory effects of chronic poisoning by foods containing cyanic substances. J. of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 42:65.

Cliff, J., S. Essers, and H. Rosling. 1986. Ankle clonus correlating with cyanide intake from cassava in rural children from Mozambique. J. of Tropical Pediatrics 32:186–189.

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Ecology: includes environment

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