Quevedo, M. A. 1982. Some preharvest and postharvest factors affecting vascular streaking and quality of cassava roots. M.S. thesis. College, Laguna: Univ. of the Philippines at Los Baños. [Reports that vascular streaking development in Binoboy cassava roots was delayed by detopping and/or stripping all the leaves before harvest.]
Quiros L., M., and N. R. Pulgar. 1974. Evaluación de cinco acaricidas comerciales en el combate del ácaro Mononychellus caribbeanae McGregor en yuca, Manihot esculenta, Crantz. Revista de la Facultad de Agronomía de la Univ. del Zulia 2(4):65–71. Venezuela. [Spanish abstract in Resumenes Analíticos Sobre Yuca II:140. Written in Spanish.]
Quisimbing, E. 1947. Philippine J. of Forestry 4:145 [States that at least 300 species of plants tested yield HCN.]
Raeburn, J. R., R. K. Kerkham, and J. W. Y. Higgs. 1950. Report of a survey of problems in the mechanisation of native agriculture in tropical African colonies. London: H. M. S. O. [Includes a survey of the man-hours used to produce cassava.]
Rajaguru, A. S. B. 1975. Problem of HCN in cassava. Agricultural Research Seminar Series, 11:75–77. December 1975, Sri Lanka: University of Sri Lanka Peradeniya, Faculty of Agriculture.
Rajasekharan, N., G. Rao, N. S. Kapur, D. S. Batia, and V. Subrahmanyan. 1960. Keeping quality of tapioca and nutromacaroni. Food Science 9(7):240–243. [Reports that both steamed and roasted tapioca grains store well for twelve months and more and are insect resistant.]
Raje, K. C. M., E. Abraham, and Sreemulanathan. 1978. Post harvest storage of cassava tubers under modified environmental conditions. J. of Root Crops 4:1–6.
Rajendran, N., P. G. Nair, and B. M. Kumar. 1973. A modified colorimetric method for the determination of starch in cassava tubers. Trivandrum, India: Central Tuber Crops Research Institute, 4. 8 pg. [Describes a rapid method for determining the starch content of cassava roots.]
Rajukkannu, K., et al. 1978. Uptake and persistence of aldicarb Temik residues in cassava tubers, Manihot esculenta, Crantz. Pesticides 12(3):29–30. [Studies the uptake and persistence of aldicarb residues in cassava roots. Concludes that the use of aldicarb to control scales should not be encouraged after root formation.]
Rakbamrung, K. 1970. The feeding tapioca trade in retrospect. The Thai Trade Association Yearbook, 1968–1969. Bangkok, Thailand. [Reports on the history of Thai cassava products in European markets.]
Ramas de mandioca podem ser conservadas durante meses para plantio. 1965. Agricultura e Pecuária 37(500):52. Brasil. [Spanish abstract in Resumenes Analíticos Sobre Yuca II:56. Written in Portuguese.]
Ramos-Ledon, L. J. 1969. Composition of Manihot plants as related to growth, development and certain other factors. Mag. Science thesis. Coral Gables, Fl: Univ. of Miami. 92 pg. [Examines the variables that determine changes in levels of protein and other leaf components in Manihot sp.]
Ramos, N. E. 1970. Colombian studies for the improvement of Manihot esculenta culture. Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Tropical Root and Tuber Crops 1:83. [Examines 200 Manihot clones for yield earliness, protein or nitrogen content, and disease resistance.]
Rangel, J. de C. 1937. A cultura da mandioca e sua industrialização. Revista de Sociedade Rural Brasileira 17(204):38–43. [Spanish abstract in Resumenes Analíticos Sobre Yuca II:176. Written in Portuguese.]
Rankine, L. B., and M. H. Houng. 1971. A preliminary view of cassava production in Jamaica. Trinidad: Department of Agricultural Economics Occasional Series 6, Univ. of the West Indies. [Surveys the man-hours used to produce cassava.]
Rao, B. S. 1970. Pest problems of intercropping in plantations. Crop diversification in Malaysia, ed. by E. N. Blencowe, and J. W. Blencowe. Kuala Lumpur: Society of Planters. [Claims that cassava is relatively free from pests and diseases in Malaysia. It may suffer from white root disease, fomes lignosus. The rubber termite, Coptotermes curvignathus, causes damage to intercropped cassava.]
Rao, G., and J. H. Cock. 1973. Natural drying of cassava. Paper presented at the 3rd Symposium of the International Society for Tropical Root Crops, IITA, Ibadan, Nigeria, 2–9 Dec. 1973.
Rao, P. V., and S. K. Hahn. 1984. J. of the Science of Food and Agriculture 35:426. [Focuses on an automated enzymatic assay method developed for accurate and rapid testing of cyanide levels.]
Rapport annuel 1955: Essai de maniocs doux dans la circonscription agricole d’Ambobambe. 1957. Centre Technique Agricole Tropical, Bulletin Trimestriel 2:46–50. [Spanish abstract in Resumenes Analíticos Sobre Yuca II:103. Written in French.]
Rapport 1960. 1961. Lac Alaotra: Station Agronomique du Lac Alaotra, Division d’Amelioration des Plantes, Section Manioc. 45 pg. [Spanish abstract in Resumenes Analíticos Sobre Yuca II:156–157. Written in French.]
Rasper, V. 1969a. Investigations on starches from major starch crops grown in Ghana. I. Hot paste viscosity and gel-forming power. J. of the Science of Food and Agriculture 20:165–171. [Examines the swelling and solubility patterns of cassava starch.]
Rasper, V. 1969b. Investigations on starches from major starch crops grown in Ghana. II. Swelling and solubility patterns: Amyloclastic susceptibility. J. of the Science of Food and Agriculture 20:642–646. [Examines the swelling and solubility patterns of cassava starch.]
Rasper, V. 1971. J. of the Science of Food and Agriculture 22:572. [Examines the characteristics and behavior of cassava starch.]
Rasper, V., H-M. Mak, and J. M. de Man. 1972. Production and Marketing of Composite Flours Meeting, 23–27 Oct. 1972, Bogotá, Colombia. [Examines the structural development of dough and its visco-elastic properties in cassava-fortified mixes.]
Rawnsley, J. 1969. Crop storage. Technical Report 1. Federal Research Development Unit, Accra, Ghana, 89 pg. [Reports on molds known to attack stored cassava.]
Raymond, W. D., W. Jojo, and Z. Nicodemus. 1941. The nutritive value of some Tanganyika foods - II. Cassava. East African Agricultural J. 6:154–159. Nairobi. [Discusses the range of cyanogen content in edible tubers and leaves. States that some processing techniques may eliminate the vitamin C in cassava. Estimates vitamin and mineral content of some cassava products.]
Raynal, G. T. F. 1772. Philosophical and political history of the Europeans in the East and West Indies. Trans. Justamond, 1776. Amsterdam. [Mistakenly claimed that Manihot esculenta originated in Africa.]
Razafimahery, R. 1953. Glucosides cyanogenetiques Pois du Cap, Manioc et “Bononoka.” Bul. Acad. Malgache, Ser. Nouvelle 31–32:4–77. [Reports that about two thirds of HCN present is lost during sun-drying for seven days. States that the Madagascan food product, bononoka, prepared by steeping the roots in running water for several days, followed by steaming, is free of HCN. Written in French.]
Razafimahery, R. 1954. The cyanogenetic glucosides of Cape peas, manioc and bononoka. Bul. Acad. Malgache 31:71–77. [Examines the amount of HCN in fresh leaves and concludes that leaves contain less HCN than roots.]
Recherche sur la toxicité des maniocs cultivés dans la région du Lac Alaotra. 1962. Tananarive. Rapport Annuel 1961, 23–25. Madagascar: Institut des Recherches Agronomiques des Madagascar. [Spanish abstract in Resumenes Analíticos Sobre Yuca II:35. Written in French.]
Record of investigations 3. 1952. Department of Agriculture, Uganda. 92–93. [Discusses the absorption of moisture by cassava chips.]
Rees, A. M. M. 1967. Some economic aspects of root crop production. Proceedings of an International Symposium on Tropical Root Crops 2(5):18–33. St. Augustine, Trinidad: Univ. of the West Indies. [Discusses the production capacity of cassava.]
Regnaudin, A. 1936. Méthode d’analyse proposée pour le classement des fécules et des amidons. Bulletin de l’Association de Chimistes 53:477–479. [Spanish abstract in Resumenes Analíticos Sobre Yuca II:418. Written in French.]
Reichel-Dolmatoff, Gerardo. 1968. Desana. Bogotá, Colombia. [Discusses the role of cassava among the Desana of Colombia.]
Reichel-Dolmatoff, Gerardo. 1971. Amazonian cosmos: Religion and sexual symbolism of the Tukano Indians. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press. [Claims the main staple of the Desana of Colombia is cassava. Provides indigenous names for different kinds of cassava and reports on techniques for preparing cassava.]
Reichel-Dolmatoff, Gerardo, and Alicia Reichel-Dolmatoff. 1956. Momil, excavaciones en el Sinu. Revista Colombiana de Antropología 5:109–333. [States that the presence of griddle sherds among the remains of ancient tropical cultures is evidence that cassava was cultivated. Written in Spanish.]
Reining, C. C. 1970. Land subsistence and food production. African food production systems: Cases and theory, ed. by F. M. McLoughlin. Baltimore: John Hopkins Press. [Includes a discussion of cassava intercropping.]
Reinking, O. A. 1918. Philippine economic plant diseases. Philippine J. of Science 13:165–274.
Reinking, O. A. 1919. Philippine plant diseases. Phytopathology 9:114–140.
Reitsma, J., and H. A. Van Hoof. 1948. Voorlopige mededeling omtrent een bacterieziekte in cassave. Landbouw 20(2):94–101. [Spanish abstract in Resumenes Analíticos Sobre Yuca II:117. Written in Dutch.]
Reko, V. A. 1932. Der “Camotillo”, ein gehimnisvolles Indianergift. Pharmazeutische Monatshefte 13:177–178. [Spanish abstract in Resumenes Analíticos Sobre Yuca II:211–212. Written in German.]
Rendon, M., H. Benítez, and O. Marín. 1969. Yuca, Manihot esculenta, for feeding table chickens. Rev. Inst. Colombia, Agropecuario 4:159–171. [Reports the results of feeding cassava to chickens.]
Renvoise, B. S. 1973. The area of origin of Manihot esculenta as a crop plant: A review of the evidence. Economic Botany 26:352–360. [Recounts the spread of cassava throughout the Americas. Cites Nordenskiold who claims that areas of sweet cassava cultivation ring the Amazon basin while the basin itself is characterized by a mix of sweet and bitter cultivars.]
Report of the 3rd Meeting on Fortification of Mandioca Products. 1972. Paper presented at 3rd Meeting on Fortification of Mandioca Products, Rio de Janeiro, 13–16 March 1972. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Ministry of Agriculture. (Mimeo.) [Reports on the fortification of cassava flour with soy protein.]
Report of a CIAT/IDRC-sponsored cassava program review, Cali, January 1972. 1972. Cali, Colombia: CIAT.
Report of the Sub-Committee of the Tapioca Market Expansion Board. 1972. Trivandrum, India. [Details various aspects of the cassava industry in India. Includes production figures by area. India.]
Report on an IITA/-IDRC-sponsored workshop on cassava mosaic, December 1972. Ibadan, Nigeria: IITA.
Report on an investigation into the relationship between atmospheric humidity, temperature and the equilibrium moisture content of cassava chips. 1965. Internal Report of Tropical Products Institute. 4 pg. [Discusses the absorption of moisture by cassava chips.]
Report on Intensive Agricultural District Programme in Kerala. 1971. Evaluation series 9. Trivandrum, India: State Planning Board. [Discusses cassava production including per acre yield increases.]
Resplandy, R., J. Chevaugeion, M. Delassus, and M. Luc. 1954. Première liste annoteé de champignons parasites de plantes cultivées en Côte d’Ivoire. Annales Institut de Recherches Agronomiques, Series C. Ann. E. Piplyt. 5:1–61. [Written in French.]
Results of field experiments, crop and stock records and other statistics. I. Hybrid cassava variety trial. Kisimbani. 1953. Annual Report 1953, Zanzibar, Supplement 6(2):1. [Spanish abstract in Resumenes Analíticos Sobre Yuca II:103.]
Resumenes Analíticos sobre yuca, Manihot esculenta, Crantz. II. 1977. Cali, Colombia: CIAT, Centro de Información Sobre Yuca. Serie HS-28. [An annotated bibliography of cassava references. Written in Spanish.]
Resumenes Analíticos sobre yuca, Manihot esculenta, Crantz. III. 1977. Cali, Colombia: CIAT, Centro de Informacion Sobre Yuca. Serie HS-31. [An annotated bibliography of cassava references. Written in Spanish.]
Ribeiro Filho, J. 1966. Cultura da mandioca. Viçosa, Brasil: Univ. Rural do Estado de Minas Gerais, Escola Superior de Agricultura. 80 pg. [Spanish abstract in Resumenes Analíticos Sobre Yuca II:56–57. Written in Portuguese.
Ribeiro, O. 1947. Anais. Ass. Quim. Brazil 6:119–122. [Discusses the relationship between processing cassava and the retention of different types of vitamin B.]
Rickard, J. E. 1981. Biochemical changes involved in the postharvest deterioration of cassava roots. Tropical Science 23(3):235–237. [States that the blue-black pigmentation in the vascular tissues of the storage root is the result of complex physiological changes in the root tissues which are initiated within a few hours after harvest. Reports that occlusions associated with vascular discoloration of cassava roots are not infected by microorganisms.]
Rickard, J. E. 1981. Study of the production of xylem occlusions and scopoletin in cassava roots in response to injury. R. M. S. Proceedings 16(4):249. [Discusses physiological and microbial deterioration occurring during storage.]
Rickard, J. E. 1982. Cytology and cytochemistry of vascular discoloration in cassava roots. Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Tropical Root and Tuber Crops, 17–21, 307–315. Sept. 1979. Los Baños, Philippines: Philippine Council for Agriculture and Resources Research and Development.
Rickard, J. E. 1982. Investigation into postharvest behaviour of cassava roots and their response to wounding. Ph.D. dissertation. Univ. of London.
Rickard, J. E. 1983. Post harvest problems of tropical root crops. Proceedings of the Commonwealth Secretariat Workshop on Postharvest Losses, Western Samoa, June 1983. Alafua Agricultural Bulletin 8(2):65–72.
Rickard, J. E. 1985. Physiological deterioration of cassava roots. J. of the Science of Food and Agriculture 36:167–176.
Rickard, J. E. 1986. Tannin levels in cassava, a comparison of methods of analysis. J. of the Science of Food and Agriculture 37:37–42.
Rickard, J. E., and D. G. Coursey. 1979. The value of shading perishable produce after harvest. Appropriate Technology 6(2):18–19.
Rickard, J. E., and D. G. Coursey. 1981. Cassava storage, Part 1: Storage of fresh cassava roots. Tropical Science 23(1):1–32. [Discusses methods for storing roots after harvest.]
Rickard, J. E., and P. B. Gahan. 1983. The development of occlusions in cassava, Manihot esculenta, Crantz, root xylem vessels. Annals of Botany 52:811–821.
Rickard, J. E., J. Marriott, and P. B. Gahan. 1979. Occlusions in cassava xylem vessels associated with vascular discoloration. Annals of Botany 43:523–526. [Discusses the postharvest deterioration of cassava roots.]
Rickard, J. E., O. J. Burden, and D. G. Coursey. 1978. Studies on the insolation of tropical horticultural produce. Acta Horticulture 84:115–122.
Ricord-Madianna. 1830. (Cited by W. Karrer, 1958.) [Isolated a bitter principle from cassava tubers which he called Manihotoxin.]
Rios, R. M. 1975. Mejoramiento en yuca, Manihot esculenta. Curso sobre producción de yuca, 149–156. Medellín, Colombia: Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario, Regional 4. [Spanish abstract in Resumenes Analíticos Sobre Yuca II:156. Written in Spanish.]
Rios R., M., O. Paternina H., and N. Estrada R. 1970. Informe sobre las investigaciones de yuca, Manihot esculenta, Crantz, en Colombia. Bogotá: Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario. 10 pg. [Paper presented at La Reunión de Investigadores en Yuca de los Países Andinos del Estado de São Paulo, Campinas, Brasil, 1970. Spanish abstract in Resumenes Analíticos Sobre Yuca II:57. Written in Spanish.]
Rivera L., P. H., and M. Wasserman L. 1969. Influencia de la ingestión de yuca en una zona con bocio endémico. Tesis Quim. Bogotá: Univ. Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias. 15 pg. [Spanish abstract in Resumenes Analíticos Sobre Yuca II:187–188. Written in Spanish.]
Riviere, C. 1897. Le manioc en Algérie et dans le bassin méditerranéen. Bulletin de la Société Nationale d’Acclimatation de France, 490–496. [Discusses the introduction of cassava into Algeria and difficulties encountered. Written in French.]
Roa, G. 1974. Natural drying of cassava. Ph.D. dissertation. Michigan State Univ., Department of Agricultural Engineering. 234 pg. [Reports the results of research designed to improve natural drying techniques in trays.]
Robinson, M. E. 1930. Cyanogenesis in plants. Biology Reviews 5:126–141.
Robinson, R. K., and S. N. Kutianawala. 1979. Cassava: Its potential as an industrial crop. World Crops 31(5):168–175.
Robinson, T. 1963. The organic constituents of higher plants. Minneapolis: Burgess Publ. Co. [Describes cyanogenic glycosides.]
Roca, W. M. 1980. Improvement of a program technique for cassava using single leaf-bud cuttings: A preliminary report. Cassava Newsletter 8:4–5.
Rocha, G. L. da. 1968. Mandioca, batata doce...e leite no inverno. São Paulo, Brasil: Departamento da Produção Animal. 4 pg. [Spanish abstract in Resumenes Analíticos Sobre Yuca II:205. Written in Portuguese.]
Roche, F. C. 1984. Production systems. The cassava economy of Java, ed. by W. P. Falcon, W. O. Jones, and S. R. Pearson, 8–62. Stanford: Stanford Univ. Press. [Assesses current and potential costs and returns to cassava production on Java. Reviews agroclimatic and socioeconomic characteristics of the regions where cassava is produced.]
Roche, P., J. Velly, and B. Joliet. 1957. Essai de détermination des seuils de carence en potasse dans le sol et dans les plantes. Revue de la Potasse, 1–5. [Spanish abstract in Resumenes Analíticos Sobre Yuca II:35. Written in French.]
Rodrigues, A. de P. 1937. Valor alimentar dos pães mixtos; farinha de mandioca e fubá de milho. Revista Alimentar 1:56–59. Brasil. [Spanish abstract in Resumenes Analíticos Sobre Yuca II:176. Written in Portuguese.]
Rodrigues, M. da C. 1959. Os acaros na cultura algodoeira em Mozambique. O Tetranychus sp. aff. truncatus. Ehara e alguns dos seus inimigos naturais Garcia de Orta 7:715–720. [Reports that Teranychus species are pests of cassava in Mozambique.]
Rodríguez J., M. 1975. Fertilización de la yuca. Curso sobre producción de yuca, 119–123. Medellín: Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario, Regional 4. [Spanish abstract in Resumenes Analíticos Sobre Yuca II:70–71. Written in Spanish.]
Rodríguez, C. 1939. Algunas indicaciones sobre el cultivo de la yuca. Agricultor Venezolano 4(36–37):29–30. [Discusses the morphology of cassava and provides a brief history of the plant. Written in Spanish.]
Rodríguez, N. F., and C. A. Sánchez de Bustamante. 1963. Importancia del tipo de istaca para la producción de mandioca en Misiones. Rev. Invest. Agr. 17(3):289–302. [Claims that longer stem cuttings generally give higher yields. Written in Spanish.]
Rodríguez, N. F., C. A. Sánchez de Bustamante, and J. Tarabanoff. 1966. Algunos factores que influyen en el comportamiento del cultivo de mandioca en la Provincia de Misiones. Rev. Invest. Agropecuarias INTA 3(11):167–208. [Reports on cassava yields based on spacing experiments. Written in Spanish.]
Rodríguez-Sosa, E. J., O. Parsi-Ros, and M. A. Gonzalez. 1976. Composition of cassava, Manihot esculenta, Crantz, and the rheological characteristics of its starch. J. of Agriculture of the Univ. of Puerto Rico 60(1):93–98. [Compares two varieties of cassava in Puerto Rico for their starch properties.]
Rogers, D. J. 1953. Variation in Manihot utilissma and related species. Year Book of the American Philosophical Society, 166–168. [Discusses botanical aspects of cassava.]
Rogers, D. J. 1957. Intraspecific categories of Manihot esculenta. Science 126:1234–1235. [Examines the variability of cassava species in Jamaica and Costa Rica. Proposes a framework of taxonomic categories for the classification of the subspecific entities of Manihot esculenta. This framework includes (1) convariants, the equivalent of subspecies in wild plant taxonomy; (2) subconvariants, comparable to “series”; (3) cultivars, the cultivated counterpart of taxonomist’s “variety”. Claims that in M. esculenta, two convariants exist and below this many subconvariants.]
Rogers, D. J. 1959. Cassava leaf protein. Economic Botany 13(3):261–263. [Claims that cassava leaves contain adequate amounts of nearly all the essential amino acids.]
Rogers, D. J. 1962. Summary of studies on Manihot esculenta. Proceedings of the Ninth Pacific Science Congress of the Pacific Science Association, 1957. Economic Botany (4) 24. [Summarizes work on the classification of cultivars of Manihot esculenta. The cultivars fit into a framework of subspecific categories of two convariants (equivalent to subspecies) and several subconvariants (comparable to series). Claims that no morphological categories are coordinate with the classic divisions of sweet vs. bitter.]
Rogers, D. J. 1963a. Studies of Manihot esculenta, Crantz, and related species. Bulletin of Torrey Bot. Club 90(1):43–54. [Reports the results of cyanogen content tests on cassava. Points out that cassava originated in the new world tropics. States that sweet varieties tend to have most of their tuber glucosides concentrated in the phelloderm, while bitter varieties have a more even distribution throughout the tuber. States that cultivars west of the Andes in South America tend to have low cyanide content. Attributes some of the variation in cultivars to hybridization of domesticated forms with related wild species.
Rogers, D. J. 1963b. Taximetrics - new name, old concept. Brittonia 15:285–290. [Describes computer-aided methods for evaluating the overall phenotypic similarity between a large number of cultivars in order to distinguish constellations among them.]
Rogers, D. J. 1965. Some botanical and ethnological consideration of Manihot esculenta. Economic Botany 19(4):369–377. [Discusses the intercropping of cassava with maize. States that variation in the HCN concentrations in tubers, as well as the morphological characteristics of the plants, form the basis of a taxonomic differentiation between the bitter (high HCN) and the sweet (low HCN) cultivars. Claims the major difference between Manihot esculenta and its related wild species is that M. esculenta is generally less fertile. States that Indians probably cultivated cassava in Brazil about 4,000 years ago.
Rogers, D. J. 1967. A computer-aided morphological classification of Manihot esculenta, Crantz. Proceedings of International Symposium on Tropical Root Crops 1(1):57–80. St. Augustine, Trinidad: Univ. of the West Indies. [Provides a computer-aided delimitation of the species of Manihot which revealed that several species names are synonyms of M. esculenta. These include M. utilissima, M. aipi, M. dulcis, M. flexuosa, M. flabellifolia, M. diffusa, M. melanobasis, M. digitiformis, and M. sprucei.]
Rogers, D. J. 1972. Further considerations on the origin of Manihot esculenta, Crantz. Trop. Root and Tuber Crop Newsletter 6:4–9. [Reports on various wild species of the genus Manihot in different regions of the Americas.]
Rogers, D. J. 1974. Botanical considerations of the origin of Manihot esculenta, Crantz. Economic Botany.
Rogers, D. J., and H. S. Fleming. 1964. A computer program for classifying plants. II. A numerical handling of nonnumerical data. BioScience 14:15–28. [Describes computer-aided methods for evaluating the overall phenotypic similarity between a large number of cultivars in order to distinguish constellations among them.]
Rogers, D. J., and H. S. Fleming. 1973. A monograph of Manihot esculenta with an explanation of the taximetrics methods used. Economic Botany 27:1–113. [Classifies different cultivars of the species based on computerized morphological characteristics.]
Rogers, D. J., and M. Milner. 1963. Amino acid profile of manioc leaf protein in relation to nutritive value. Economic Botany 17(3):211–216. [Provides amino acid profile of Brazilian and Jamaican cassava leaf meal samples. Reports that cassava leaves contain proteins varying between 18.5 and 36.4 percent.]
Rogers, D. J., and S. G. Appan. 1969. Taximetric methods for delimiting biological species. Taxon 18:609–624. [States that most of the wild species of Manihot exhibit weedy tendencies and are usually observed to colonize disturbed habitats.]
Rogers, D. J., and S. G. Appan. 1970. Untapped genetic resources for cassava improvement. Proceedings of 2nd International Symposium on Tropical Root and Tuber Crops 1:72–75. [Discusses botanical aspects of cassava. Claims that there are about 128 other Manihot species.]
Rogers, D. J., and S. G. Appan. 1971. Cassava-based nourishment generating system capable of functioning in ecologically and economically impoverished areas. Tropical Root and Tuber Crops Newsletter 4:13–18.
Rogers, D. J., and S. G. Appan. 1972. Cassava, Manihot esculenta, Crantz, the plant, world production and its importance in world food supply. A literature review and research recommendations on cassava, Manihot esculenta, Crantz, ed. by C. H. Hendershott, et al., 1–14. Athens, Ga.: Univ. of Georgia. [Provides an overview of the literature dealing with the botany of the plant, the place of cassava in world food production, and the advantages of cassava as a staple food crop.]
Rogers, D. J., and S. G. Appan. 1973. Manihot and Manihotoides (Euphorbiaceae): A computer-assisted study. Organization for Flora Neotropica, Monograph 13. New York: Hafner Press. [Points out that variation in pigmentation is rare in the descriptions of other species of Manihot. States that M. flabellifolia is the same species as M. esculenta.]
Rogers, D. J., C. Slater, and G. Hersch. 1971. The bionomics of a cassava dependent culture. Kinshasa, Congo: Univ. of Colorado. (Mimeo.) [Describes the variety of forms in which cassava is consumed in Zaire.]
Rogers, D. J., H. S. Fleming, and G. F. Estabrook. 1967. Use of computers in studies of taxonomy and evolution. Evolutionary Biology 1:169–196, ed. by T. Dobzhansky, M. K. Hecht, and W. C. Steere. [Describes computer-aided methods for evaluating the overall phenotypic similarity between a large number of cultivars in order to distinguish constellations among them.]
Rojo B., C. 1976. Consideraciones agrológicas relacionadas con el cultivo de la yuca. Pensamiento Agrario 1(2):14–17. [Spanish abstract in Resumenes Analíticos Sobre Yuca II:71. Written in Spanish.]
Roosevelt, Anna. 1980. Parmana: Prehistoric maize and manioc subsistence along the Amazon and Orinoco. New York: Academic Press. [Discusses the lack of nutrients in cassava.]
Root and tuber improvement. 1974. Annual Report 1972–1973, 21–25. Ibadan, Nigeria: IITA. [Spanish abstract in Resumenes Analíticos Sobre Yuca II:152.]
Root and tuber improvement. 1975. Annual Report 1974, 125–152. Ibadan, Nigeria: IITA. [Spanish abstract in Resumenes Analíticos Sobre Yuca II:152.]
Root Crops Cooperative Testing Network: Recommendations for establishment, cultivation and evaluation of test materials. n.d. Ibadan, Nigeria: IITA. Mimeo. [States the objectives of the Root Crops Cooperative Testing Network. Provides a set of recommendations intended to guide in the establisment, cultivation, and evaluation of the test materials distributed by the Root and Tuber Improvement Program of IITA.]
Roots and tubers: Cassava. 1954. Farmer’s guide, 433–436. Kingston, Jamaica: Jamaica Agricultural Society. [Spanish abstract in Resumenes Analíticos Sobre Yuca II:87.]
Rosanov, N. 1973. Field experimental check on starch yields of cassava in Indonesia. 3rd International Symposium on Tropical Root Crops, IITA, Ibadan, Nigeria, Dec. 1973.
Rosanow, M. 1973. Field experimental check on starch yields of cassava in Indonesia. Wageningen, Holland. 10 pg. [Spanish abstract in Resumenes Analíticos Sobre Yuca II:100.]
Rosas, J. C. 1975. Peru (cassava germplasm). The International Exchange and Testing of Cassava Germ Plasm. Proceedings of an interdisciplinary workshop, Palmira, Colombia, 1975, ed. by B. Nestel, and R. MacIntyre, 15–16. Ottawa, Canada: IDRC. [Spanish abstract in Resumenes Analíticos Sobre Yuca II:156.]
Rosenthal, F. R. T. 1976. A cultura da mandioca. Informativo do INT 9(10):27–36. [Spanish abstract in Resumenes Analíticos Sobre Yuca II:57–58. Written in Portuguese.]
Rosenthal, F. R. T., C. M. Barbosa, A. P. Mello, and S. M. O. Silva. 1972. Ann. Acad. Bras. Cienc. 44:55. [Examines the characteristics and behavior of cassava starch. Written in Portuguese.]
Ross, E., and F. Q. Enriquez. 1969. The nutritive value of cassava leaf meal. Poultry Science 48:846–853. [Reports the results of feeding cassava to chickens.]
Ross, Hubert Barnes. 1954. The diffusion of the manioc plant from South America to Africa: An essay in ethnobotanical culture history. Ph.D. dissertation. Columbia Univ.
Rossem, C. van. 1932. De samenstelling van cassavewortels bij toenemenden leeftijd. Mededelingen van het Algemeen Proefstation voor den Landbow 28:14–25. [Examines changes in the composition of cassava roots at different ages for four varieties. Provides formulas for determining the percentage of starch in fresh, peeled and unpeeled roots. Written in Dutch.]
Rossetto, C. J., A. F. S. Veiga Leao, A. S. Pereira, and A. Normanha. 1973. Paper presented at the 3rd International Symposium on Tropical Root Crops, 2–9 Dec. 1973. [Discusses the need for more information on host-parasite relationships with regard to cassava.]
Rossi, S. J., and G. Roa. 1980. Secagem e armazenamento de productos agropecuários com uso de energia solar e ar natural. Secretaria da Indústria, Comércio, Ciência e Tecnología. Academia de Ciências do Estado de São Paulo. Publicación ACIESP 22. 295 pg. [Reports the results of tests on cassava drying. Written in Portuguese.]
Roth, Walter E. 1924. An introductory study of the arts, crafts and customs of the Guiana Indians. Bureau of American Ethnology, 38th Annual Report. Washington. [Discusses cassava preparation among Guiana tribes.]
Rover, J. B. 1915. Fungus diseases of cassava. Department of Agriculture, Bulletin 14:36–38. Trinidad and Tobago.
Ruthenberg, Hans. 1971. Farming systems in the tropics. Oxford, England. [Estimates yields of calories/ha of various tropical crops, including cassava.]
Sabol, Beverly. 1981. Social and cultural aspects of dietary cassava. Unpublished ms. [Discusses the relationship between cassava, social organization, and culture.]
Sadik, S. 1973. Screening for acyanogenesis in cassava. Paper presented at the 3rd International Symposium on Tropical Root Crops, held at IITA, 2–9 Dec. 1973. [Deals with cyanogen assay in cassava roots and leaves.]
Sadik, S., and S. K. Hahn. 1973. Cyanide toxicity and cassava research at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria. Proceedings of an interdisciplinary workshop on chronic cassava toxicity, London, England, 29–30 January 1973, ed. by B. Nestel, and R. MacIntyre, 41–42. Ottawa, Canada: International Development Research Centre, IDRC-010e. 163 pg. [Points out the urgent need for research on cassava cyanogenesis and finding methods for its elimination from the plant or its food products. States that selection for acyanogenesis can be based on finding a cassava that lacks one of the following: (1) glucoside, (2) glucosidase, or (3) glucoside and glucosidase.]
Sadik, S., O. U. Okereke, and S. K. Hahn. 1974. Screening for acyanogenesis in cassava. IITA Technical Bulletin 4. 4 pg. [Examines the cyanide level in cassava seedlings using the picrate leaf test method.]
Sago from manioc. 1957. CISIR Information Bulletin 1. Ceylon.
Sagot, P. 1871. Du manioc. Bulletin de la Societé Botanique de France 18:341–354. [Spanish abstract in Resumenes Analíticos Sobre Yuca II:58. Written in French.]
Sales A., A. M., and D. E. Leihner. 1980. Influence of period and conditions of storage on growth and yield of cassava. Proceedings of a workshop on cassava cultural practices, held at Bahia, Brazil, ed. by Weber, Torro, and Graham, 33–37. Ottawa, Canada: IDRC. IDRC-151e.
Salls, Roy A. 1985. The scraper plane: A functional interpretation. J. of Field Archaeology 12(1):99–106. [Reports the results of experiments which show that the scraper plane from the Millingstone Culture of Southern California (7605–7785 BP) was the most efficient of several scrapers utilized to prepare cassava.]
Sam Raj, J. 1966. Varieties of tapioca (cassava) tolerant to the mosaic virus. Science and Culture 32(8):419. [Reports on varieties which have a genetic resistance to mosaic virus.]
Sampaio, C. V., and A. J. da Conceição. 1975. Espaçamento da cultura da mandioca, Manihot esculenta, Crantz. Cruz das Almas, Brasil. Convenio U.F.Ba./BRASCAN Nordeste. Série Pesquisa 2(1):99–105. [Spanish abstract in Resumenes Analíticos Sobre Yuca II:90–91. Written in Portuguese.]
Samson, G. 1951. Liquid glucose from cassava starch. Acta Med. Phil. 8(1):43–48.
Samuels, G. 1970. The influence of fertilizer levels and sources on cassava production on lares caly in Puerto Rico. Proceedings of the seventh Annual Meeting C.F.C.S., 33–36. Martinique, Guadeloupe. [Reports on response of cassava to fertilizer.]
Sanchez de Bustamante, C. A., and N. F. Rodríguez. 1967. Winter storage of cassava stems for use as cut sets in Missions province. Revista Invest. Agropecuaria 2(4):331–349.
Sanint, L. R., L. Rivas, M. C. Duque, and C. Sere. 1984. Food consumption patterns in Colombia - a cross-sectional analysis of the DANE-DRI-1981 Household Survey. Trends in CIAT commodities, 31–63. Cali, Colombia: CIAT. [Discusses cassava price elasticity.]
Santana, A. M. 1968. Projeto prioitário: Mandioca. Universidad Federal da Bahia, Escola Agronomica. Unpublished ms. [Written in Portuguese.]
Santana, A. M. 1973. Estudo da toxicidade. Projeto Mandioca, Relatório Semestral de Pesquisas 2:74–75. Cruz das Almas, Brasil: Universidade Federal da Bahia, Escola de Agronomia. Convênio U.F.Ba./Brascan Nordeste. [Analyzes the HCN content of the aerial part and roots of several varieties of cassava at different stages of growth. Written in Portuguese.]
Santana, A. M. 1974. Fertilição da mandioca no noroeste brasileiro. Projeto mandioca; subprojetos de pesquisas para o nordeste do Brasil, 51–75. Cruz das Almas, Brasil: Univ. Federal da Bahia, Escola de Agronomia. Convênio U.F.Ba./BRASCAN Nordeste. [Spanish abstract in Resumenes Analíticos Sobre Yuca II:71–72. Written in Portuguese.]
Santana, A. M., J. E. B. Carvalho, and I. O. Borges. 1975. Competição de fontes de nitrogenio em solos para mandioca. Cruz das Almas, Brasil: Univ. Federal Bahia, Escola de Agronomia/BRASCAN Nordeste. Série Pesquisa 1(1):39–55. [Spanish abstract in Resumenes Analíticos Sobre Yuca II:72. Written in Portuguese.]
Santiago, E. C. 1932. Informações sôbre a cultura da mandioca. Boletim de Agricultura, Zootecnia e Veterinaria 6(8):499–502. [Spanish abstract in Resumenes Analíticos Sobre Yuca II:91. Written in Portuguese.]
Sarmiento, M. E. 1969. Descripción morfológica y comparativa de rendimiento de 17 cultivares de yuca. La Molina, Perú: Universidad Nacional Agraria, Programa de Agronomía. [Provides evidence that different varieties of cassava grown under similar conditions have very different yielding ability. Written in Portuguese.]
Sauer, Carl O. 1966. The early Spanish Man. Berkeley: Univ. of California Press. [Claims that cassava bread was adopted by Spanish colonists around 1500, 157.]
Sauer, J. 1951. Crop plants of ancient Peru modelled in pottery. Bulletin Mo. Botanical Garden 37:187–194. [Reports the discovery of 4,000-year-old Peruvian pottery depicting cassava roots. Places the origin of M. esculenta in northeastern South America based on his archeological findings.]
Sauti, R. F. N. 1980. Cassava primary survey. Unpublished ms.
Sawyer, A. M. 1895. Tapioca cultivation in Travancore. Indian Forester 21:290–296. [Spanish abstract in Resumenes Analíticos Sobre Yuca II:58.]
Scaramuzza, L. C. 1937. Notas sobre un complejo extraordinario de parasitismo El Apanteles Americanus Lepeltier. Mem. Soc. Cub. Hist. Nat. 11:267–268. [Describes enemies of the eggs and caterpillars of the genus Erinnyis which destroys cassava.]
Scharenguivel, A. G. 1970. An evaluation of the returns to investment of planting 20,000 acres of jungle land with tapioca. Review of Agricultural Economics 4(1):1–10. [Estimates the profitability of a proposed scheme for planting cassava in West Malaysia.]
Schery, R. W. 1947. Manioc - a tropical staff of life. Economic Botany 1(1):20–25. [Describes the process of producing gari, a fermented cassava product.]
Schlippe, P. de. 1956. Shifting cultivation in Africa: The land systems. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul Ltd. [Includes a discussion of cassava intercropping in West Africa.]
Schmidt, C. B. 1949. Superbrotamento ou envassouramento da mandioca. Notas Agrícolas 7:99–101. São Paulo, Brasil. [Spanish abstract in Resumenes Analíticos Sobre Yuca II:129. Written in Portuguese.]
Schmidt, C. B. 1951. A. mandioca; contribuição para o conhecimento de sua origem. Boletim de Agricultura 52a:73–128. Brasil. [Examines the origin of cassava including Indian versions of the origin. Deals with how cassava spread and was introduced in different areas of South America. Written in Portuguese.]
Schmidt, N. C., and A. S. Pereira. 1968. Comportamento do cultivar Mangiqueira, e de outros, de Manalioca, em solos da série Pinhão (terciário), no vale do Paraiba, Estado de São Paulo. Bragantia 27:249–255. [Reports on the cultivar, Mantiqueira, created by the Instituto Agronomico. Reports that the cultivar has an apparent resistance to the root rotting and bacteriosis caused by Xanthomonas manihotis Stars. Describes the behavior of this cultivar in tertiary soils in Sao Paulo State, Brazil. Written in Portuguese.]
Schmidt, S., and E. Steenberg. 1936. Comparaison entre l’effet stimulant du tapioca et de l’hydroxyde d’aluminium additionnés à l’anatoxine tétanique destinée à l’immunisation du cheval. Acta Pathologica et Microbiologica Scandinavica 13:401–403. [Spanish abstract in Resumenes Analíticos Sobre Yuca II:218–219. Written in French.]
Schmitt, J. 1955. Cultivo abundante y explotación industrial de la yuca. Suelo Tico 8(34):152–158. [Spanish abstract in Resumenes Analíticos Sobre Yuca II:72–73. Written in Spanish.]
Scholz, H. K. B. W. 1972. Possibilidades de aproveitamento de partes aéreas da mandioca com forrageira. Banco del Nordeste do Brasil S.A. Departamento de Estudos Econômicos do Nordeste (ETENE). Divisão de Agricultura, Pesquisas tecnológicas sôbre a mandioca, 181–195. Fortaleza, Brasil. [Spanish abstract in Resumenes Analíticos Sobre Yuca II:206. Written in Portuguese.]
Schoonhoven, A. van, and J. E. Peña. 1976. Estimation of yield losses in cassava following attack from thrips. J. of Economic Entomology 69(4):514–516. [Spanish abstract in Resumenes Analíticos Sobre Yuca II:140.]
Schöberl, A., M. Kawohl, and R. Hamm. 1951. Die Umsetzung von Cystin und Cystamin mit Kaliumcyanid, ein neuer Weg in die Thiazolinchemie. Chem. Ber. 84:571–576. [Discusses the role of cystine in cyanide detoxification.]
Schulte, E. E., G. A. Makanjuola, and B. E. Onochie. 1973. Mechanization of cassava production. I. Planting. Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Tropical Root Crops, Ibadan, Nigeria. [Spanish abstract in Resumenes Analíticos Sobre Yuca II:91–92.]
Schwartz, M. 1926. Slijmziekte in de cassava. Indische Culturen 11(17):498–499. Teysmannia.
Schwartzkopff, E. M., and E. M. Wilsey. 1935. La yuca; modos de prepararla para la mesa. Circular de Extensión 1. Rio Piedras: Univ. de Puerto Rico, Colegio Agricultura y Artes Mecánicas. [Spanish abstract in Resumenes Analíticos Sobre Yuca II:176. Written in Spanish.]
Schwerin, K. H. 1970. Apuntes sobre la yuca y sus orígenes. Boletín Informativo de Antropología 7:23–27. Caracas. [Argues that northern Colombia is the area where manioc was first domesticated. Written in Spanish.]
Schwerin, K. H. 1971. The bitter and the sweet: Some implications of techniques for preparing manioc. Paper presented to 1971 Annual Meeting of the American Anthropological Association. [Provides a classification of traditional cassava processing methods in South America.]
Schwers, G. A. 1945. Aequatoria 7(3). Coquilhatville. London: International Institute of African Languages and Cultures. [Suggests that HCN from cassava is responsible for sterility.]
Scobey, R. R. 1946. Food poisoning as the etiological factor in poliomyelitis. Archives Pediatrics. N.Y.: Syracuse Univ. College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics. 63 pg. [Suggests that HCN from cassava is responsible for poliomyelities.]
Screening for acyanogenesis in cassava. 1974. Technical Bulletin 4. Ibadan, Nigeria: International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA). [Examines root specific gravity and cyanide content using a picrate paper method.]
Sebastia, J. M., et al. 1973. Farinha de mandioca como substituto parcial do milho, na alimentação de frangos de corte. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira. Série Zootecnia 8(2):61–64. [Spanish abstract in Resumenes Analíticos Sobre Yuca II:206. Written in Portuguese.]
Seerley, R. W. 1972. Utilization of cassava as a livestock feed. A literature review and research recommendations on cassava, Manihot esculenta, Crantz, ed. by C. H. Hendershott, et al., 157–182. Athens, Ga.: Univ. of Georgia. [Provides an overview of the literature dealing with cassava in livestock feed.]
Seerley, R. W., D. J. Rogers, and F. C. Obioha. 1972. Biochemical properties and nutritive value of cassava. A literature review and research recommendations on cassava, Manihot esculenta, Crantz, ed. by C. H. Hendershott, et al., 99–130. Athens, Ga.: Univ. of Georgia. [Provides an overview of the literature dealing with chemical composition and nutritive value of cassava.]
Seif, A., and P. Chogoo. 1976. Cassava in Kenya. Ottawa, Canada: IDRC. IDRC-071e, 7–10.
Selvadurai, S. 1978. Agriculture in Peninsular Malaysia. Bulletin 148, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Malaysia. 233 pg. [Provides data on cultivation practices, production, yields, and marketing systems for cassava.]
Sena, Z. F. da, and H. dos R. Campos. 1975. Frequência de irrigação no cultivo da mandioca, Manihot esculenta, Crantz. Cruz das Almas, Brasil: Univ. Federal da Bahia, Escola de Agronomia/BRASCAN Nordeste. Série Pesquisas 1(1):21–38. [Spanish abstract in Resumenes Analíticos Sobre Yuca II:73. Written in Portuguese.]
Senawi, M., and M. T. Ibn. 1975. Toward production of virus-free manioc plants, Manihot esculenta, Crantz. Paper presented at The National Plant Tissue Symposium, Kuala Lumpur, 1975. Serdang, Malaysia: Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI). 5 pg. [Spanish abstract in Resumenes Analíticos Sobre Yuca II:20.]
Serck-Hanssen, A. 1970. Archives of Environmental Health 20:729. [Suggests that a highly contaminated cassava sample may have resulted in a poisoning.]
Serrazin, J. R., and J. C. Lozano. 1973. Phyllosticta leaf spot of cassava, Manihot esculenta, Crantz. Paper presented at the 3rd International Symposium on Tropical Root Crops. Ibadan, Nigeria.
Serres, H. 1969. Rev. Elev. Vét. Pays Trop. 22:529. [Reports on the use of cassava leaves and roots as component of rations for finishing cattle in Madagascar.]
Serres, H., and J. P. Tillon. 1972. Rev. Elev. Vét. Pays Trop. 25:455. [Report on the production of cassava root silage for swine and cattle.]
Seymour, A. B. 1929. Euphorbiaceae. Host index of the fungi of North America, 459. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Univ. Press. [Spanish abstract in Resumenes Analíticos Sobre Yuca II:122.]
Shank, R. C., G. N. Wogan, J. B. Gibson, and A. Nondasuta. 1972. Food Cosmet. Toxicology 10:61. [Examines cassava starch in Thailand and Hong Kong and reports on the presence of aflatoxins.]
Shanmugam, A., and K. G. Shanamugavelu. 1974. Influence of ethrel on growth and yield of tapioca. Indian J. of Plant Physiology 17(1–2):44–6. [Spanish abstract in Resumenes Analíticos Sobre Yuca II:20.]
Shanmugan, A., and C. Srinivasan. 1973. Yield increasing techniques for tapioca and sweet potato. Rural India 37(7–8):125–126. [Spanish abstract in Resumenes Analíticos Sobre Yuca II:92.]
Shanmugan, A., and P. Selvaraj. 1974. Effect of ethrel on the cyano-glucoside content of tapioca, Manihot esculenta, Crantz, roots. Science and Culture 40(8):366–368. [Spanish abstract in Resumenes Analíticos Sobre Yuca II:36.]
Shanmugan, A., S. Thamburaj, and C. R. Muthukrishnan. 1974. Effect of 2, 3, 5-triiodo benzoic acid (TIBA) on tapioca, Manihot esculenta, Crantz. Madras Agricultural J. 61(10/12):1007–1008. [Spanish abstract in Resumenes Analíticos Sobre Yuca II:20.]
Shanmugan, N., et al. 1964. A die-back disease of tapioca, Manihot esculenta, Crantz, in Madras, caused by Glomerella manihotis Chevaugeon. South Indian Horticulture 12(1):18–23. [Spanish abstract in Resumenes Analíticos Sobre Yuca II:117.]
Shanmugavelu, K. G., et al. 1973. Effect of certain growth regulants on tapioca. South Indian Horticulture 21(3):119–122. [Spanish abstract in Resumenes Analíticos Sobre Yuca II:21.]
Shanmugavelu, K. G., S. Thamburaj, A. Thamugam, and A. Gopala Swany. 1973. Effects of time of planting and irrigation frequencies on the yield of tapioca. Indian J. Agricultural Science 43:789–791.
Sharma, A. P. 1978. Studies on the mechanized harvesting of cassava in Fiji. Fiji Agricultural J. 40(1):59–61. [Reports the results of studies on the mechanized digging of cassava roots.]
Shaw, Thurstan. 1976. Early crops in Africa: A review of the evidence. Origins of African plant domestication, ed. by Jack R. Harlan, Jan M. J. De Wet, and Ann B. L. Stemler, 107–153. Paris: The Hague, Mouton. [Discusses the linguistic evidence for the history of cassava. States that the names for cassava are derived from Portuguese.]
Shipman, L. 1967. Manufacture of tapioca, arrowroot and sago starches. Starch chemistry and technology. I. Industrial aspects. New York: Academic Press. [Provides an account of starch production in Thailand.]
Shukla, P. T. 1975. Cassava variety catalogue. Mwanza, Tanzania: ARI Ukiriguvu.
Shultz, E., T. A. Shultz, and C. F. Chicco. 1970. Agronômia Tropical 20:421. Maracay. [Reports on the use of cassava in conjunction with urea in bovines and sheep.]
Shultz, T. A., C. F. Chicco, E. Shultz, and A. A. Carnevali. 1970. Agronômia Tropical 20:185. Maracay. [Reports on the use of cassava in conjunction with urea in bovines and sheep.]
Shultz, T. A., E. Shultz, and C. F. Chicco. 1972. J. of Animal Science 35:865. [Reports on the use of cassava in conjunction with urea in bovines and sheep.]
Silberschmidt, K. 1938. O mosáico da mandioca. Biológico 4(6):177–181. [Written in Portuguese.]
Silberschmidt, K., and A. R. Campos. 1944. Estudos relativos à doença ‘superbotamento’ envassouramento’ da mandioca. Arquivos do Instituto Biológico 15:1–26. São Paulo. [Written in Portuguese.]
Silva, D. M. 1962. Obtenção do antissoro contra o vírus do mosáico da mandioca. Bragantia 21:49–52. [Written in Portuguese.]
Silva, D. M. 1963. Obtenção do virus do mosáico comum da mandioca purificado. Ciência e Cultura 15:304. São Paulo. [Written in Portuguese.]
Silva, J. G. da, G. E. Serra, J. R. Moreira, J. C. Concalves, and J. Goldemberg. 1978. Science 201:903 [Points out that cassava is a potential biomass crop because of its ability to produce high yields of carbohydrates.]
Silva, J. R. da. 1966. Farelo de ramas e folhas de mandioca na alimentação animal. Chácaras e Quintaes 114(6):663–666. Brasil. [Spanish abstract in Resumenes Analíticos Sobre Yuca II:206. Written in Portuguese.]
Silva, J. R. da. 1967a. Adubação para mandioca. Instituto Agronomico de Campinas, Lição de Raizes e Tubérculos. [Written in Portuguese.]
Silva, J. R. da. 1967b. Mandioca entre dois fogos. Coopercotia (Janeiro 1967). [Written in Portuguese.]
Silva, J. R. da. 1970. O programa de investigação sôbre mandioca no Brasil. Encontro de Engenheiros - Agronômos Pesquisadores de Mandioca dos Paises Andinos e do Estado de São Paulo, 1o, 59–72. Campinas, Brasil: Instituto Agronômico do Estado de São Paulo. [Spanish abstract in Resumenes Analíticos Sobre Yuca II:58–59. Written in Portuguese.]
Silva, J. R. da. 1971. O programa da mandioca no Instituto Agronômico de Estado de São Paulo. Agronômico 23:49–71. Brasil. [Spanish abstract in Resumenes Analíticos Sobre Yuca II:59. Written in Portuguese.]
Silva, J. R. da, and E. S. Freire. 1968a. Bragantia 27:291. [Reports that phosphorus and potassium applied before planting depressed survival of cassava. Written in Portuguese.]
Silva, J. R. da, and E. S. Freire. 1968b. Efeito de doses crescentes de nitrogenio, fósforo e potássio sobre a produção de mandioca em solos de baixa e alta fertilidade. Bragantia 27(29):357–364. [Reports on response of cassava to fertilizer. Written in Portuguese.]
Silva, J. R. da, et al. 1969. Nôvo cultivar de mandioca para fins industriais. Ciência e Cultura 21(2):357–459. [Spanish abstract in Resumenes Analíticos Sobre Yuca II:101. Written in Portuguese.]
Silva, P. L. da. 1964. Apresentado aos poderes públicos sobre o problema de fécula de mandioca em Santa Catarina. Associação dos Produtores e Exportadorea de Fécula e Similares do Estado de Santa Catarina. [Written in Portuguese.]
Silva, R. F. E. 1938. Notas sôbre a cultura da mandioca. Revista da Sociedade Rural Brasileira 18(220):32–37. [Spanish abstract in Resumenes Analíticos Sobre Yuca II:92. Written in Portuguese.]
Silva, R. F. E. 1942. Notas sôbre a cultura da mandioca. Brasil: Ministério da Agricultura, Secção de Publicidade. 11 pg. [Spanish abstract in Resumenes Analíticos Sobre Yuca II:59. Written in Portuguese.]
Silveira, A. da. 1916. Pragas da mandioca; a “primavera” (Lagarta da mandioca). Boletim da Agricultura 17:710–724. [Spanish abstract in Resumenes Analíticos Sobre Yuca II:140. Written in Portuguese.]
Silvestre, P. 1965. Tuber plants. Agron. Trop. 20(10):990–992.
Silvestre, P. 1967. Research on root crops by IRAT in Africa and Madagascar. Proceedings of an International Symposium on Tropical Root Crops 1(3):84. St. Augustine, Trinidad: Univ. of the West Indies.
Simoes, R. M. A. 1953. Comentário do mapa da produção de mandioca no Estado do Bahia. Boletim Geográfico 2(112):84–86. Brasil. [Spanish abstract in Resumenes Analíticos Sobre Yuca II:101. Written in Portuguese.]
Simons-Gérard, E., P. Bourdoux, A. Hanson, M. Mafuta, R. Lagasse, L. Ramioul, and F. Delange. 1980. Food consumed and endemic goitre in the Ubangi. Role of cassava in the etiology of endemic goitre and cretinism, ed. by A. M. Ermans, N. M. Mbulamoko, F. Delange, and R. Ahluwalia, 69–80. Ottawa, Canada: International Development Research Centre, IDRC-136e. 182 pg. [Evaluates the relation between dietary habits of the populations of Ubangi-Mongala and epidemiological and metabolic characteristics of endemic goiter in the region. Discusses ways of preparing cassava in Zaire and includes vernacular names. Points out the most frequently eaten vegetable is obtained from cassava leaves that are ground and boiled. Concludes that the methods of preparing cassava play an important role in the development of goiter.]
Singh, J. D. 1981. The teratogenic effects of dietary cassava on the pregnant albino rat: A preliminary report. Teratology 24:289–291. [Suggests that cassava may be a cause of congenital anomalies if consumed in excess during pregnancy.]
Singh, J. D., and D. R. Chaudhury. 1975. Effect of topping and defoliation on tapioca. J. of Root Crops 1:86.
Singh, K. K., and P. B. Mathur. 1953. Cold storage of tapioca roots. Bulletin of Central Food Technology Research Institute 2(7):181–182. Mysore, India. [Reports that cassava roots can be kept in cold storage without suffering serious deterioration.]
Singh, N. 1964. Leaf protein extraction from some plants of northern India. J. of Food Science and Technology 1(3):37–39. [Suggests extracting protein from cassava leaves for use as a food supplement.]
Singh, S. R. 1973. Host range and vector relationship of cassava mosaic. Paper presented at the 3rd International Tropical Root Crops Symposium. Ibadan, Nigeria.
Singleton, C. B. 1964. The agricultural economy of Tanganyika. ERS, USDA, Foreign-92.
Sinha, S. K. 1969. Cyanogenic glucoside production and its possible control in cassava. Indian J. of Plant Physiology 12(1/2):140–147. [Discusses the problem of cyanoglucosides in cassava. Shows there is no relationship between cyanide content in leaves, peel, and flesh of roots.]
Sinha, S. K. 1973. Further studies on the mechanism of tuberization in Manihot esculenta. Indian J. of Plant Physiology 16(1–2):84–88. [Spanish abstract in Resumenes Analíticos Sobre Yuca II:21.]
Sinha, S. K., and T. V. R. Nair. 1967. Influence of nutrition on the cyanoglucoside content in cassava, Manihot esculenta, Crantz. Paper presented at the International Horticulture Seminar, New Delhi. [Examines the influence of various sources of nitrogen on the cyanogenic glucoside content in cassava leaves and young roots.]
Sinha, S. K., and T. V. R. Nair. 1968. Studies on the variability of cyanogenic glucoside content in cassava tubers. Indian J. of Agricultural Science 38(6):958–963. [Discusses the range of cyanogen content in the edible tubers. Shows that in general, bitter cassava has a high cyanide content while sweet cassava tends to have lower values, but there is a great deal of overlapping between classes.]
Sinha, S. K., and T. V. R. Nair. 1971. Indian J. of Genetics and Plant Breeding 31:16. [Examines the relationship between spacing, yield, assimilation, and dry matter distribution.]
Sinicio, R., and G. Roa. 1980. Secador Rural de Café, Cacau, mandioca e outros produtos agropecuários com uso de energia solar. Centro Nacional de Treinamento em Armazenagem, CENTREINAR, Viçosa-Brasil. Serie Centreinar 1. 22 pg. [Describes a cassava drying system consisting of a solar collector, a centrifugal fan, and a drying bin. Written in Portuguese.]
Sinthuprama, Sophon. 1979. Cassava and cassava-based intercrop systems in Thailand. Proceedings of an international workshop on intercropping with cassava, held at Trivandrum, India, 27 Nov–1 Dec 1978, ed. by E. Weber, B. Nestel, and M. Campbell, 57–65. Ottawa, Canada: International Development Research Centre, IDRC-142e. 143 pg. [States that Thailand is the principal cassava exporting country in the world. Provides an overview of cassava intercropping patterns and management practices.]
Siriwardene, J. A. de S., and K. N. P. Ranaweera. 1974. Manioc leaf meal in poultry diets. Ceylon Veterinary J. 22(3–4):52–57. [Spanish abstract in Resumenes Analíticos Sobre Yuca II:207.]
Siskind, Janet. 1971. Manioc, a Sharanahua example. Paper presented at the symposium on Manioc in Lowland South America, 70th Annual Meeting of the American Anthropological Association, Nov. 1971. [Discusses the relationship between cassava and riverine culture in South America. Associates methods of preparation with tuber age.]
Sistema de produção para mandioca. 1975. Rio Preto, Brasil: Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária. Série Circular 48. 12 pg. [Spanish abstract in Resumenes Analíticos Sobre Yuca II:59–60. Written in Portuguese.]
Sivagami, R., and K. R. N. Rao. 1967. Control of tapioca scale, Aondomytilus allus Ckll. Madras Agricultural J. 54:325–327. [Recommends a pest control practice for scale insects.]
Skinner, S. W. 1964. The agricultural economy of the Ivory Coast. ERS, USDA, Foreign-69.
Smee, C. 1946. Report of the entomologist, 1945. Malawi Department of Agriculture. 5 pg. [Reports that some varieties of locusts in Malawi defoliate cassava when other vegetation is scarce but that new shoots are usually produced after the attack.]
Smith, B. C. G. 1970. East African Agriculture and Forestry J. 35:319. [Reports on cassava yield in the Seychelles.]
Smith, C. E. 1968. The new world centres of origin of cultivated plants and the archeological evidence. Economic Botany 22(3):253–266. [States that archeologists have found traces of cassava dating as early as 800 BC on the Colombia-Venezuela border.]
Smith, R. G. 1929. A method for the quantitative determination of cyanide in small amounts. J. of the American Chem. Society 51:1171–1174.
Soares, P. R., J. Campos, and J. H. Conrad. 1968. Farelo integral de raspa de mandioca e. farelinko de trigo na alimentação de pintos. Experientie 8(4):109–141. [Examines dried cassava meal and wheat middlings as carbohydrate substitutes in chick diets. Written in Portuguese.]
Sobre a bacteriose da mandioca. 1939. Campo, Brazil. 10(5):22–23. [Spanish abstract in Resumenes Analíticos Sobre Yuca II:117. Written in Portuguese.]
Sohmer, S. H. 1966a. Possible evolutionary development of Manihot esculenta, Crantz. Association of Southeastern Biol. Bulletin 13(2):46. [States the species, M. esculenta, is not known to exist as a self-perpetuating natural population ( a wild species) anywhere in the world today.]
Sohmer, S. H. 1966b. Taxonomical and cytological studies of some cultivars of Manihot esculenta, Crantz. M.S. thesis. Knoxville: Univ. of Tennessee. 63 pg. [Suggests that a group of closely related Manihot species existed and that this complex species complex was in the process of rapid speciation and range extension when the Indians arrived and began cultivating some of the members of the species complex.]
Sohmer, S. H. 1968. Microsporogenesis in Manihot esculenta. Cytologia 33(1):97–99. Tokyo. [Claims that edible members of an earlier species complex have been maintained by man under cultivation.]
Solorzano, N., and E. Bornemisza. 1976. Estudios del cultivo de yuca en Costa Rica. II. Composición química y producción de tres cultivares 26(3):261–264. Turrialba, Costa Rica. [Examines the chemical composition of the leaves, stem, and roots of three cassava cultivars in Costa Rica.]
Somabhi, M., and P. Pothisoonthorn. 1969. Field evaluation of herbicides in some field crops in Thailand. Proceedings of the 2nd Asian-Pacific Weed Control Interchange, 302–315. Los Baños, Philippines. [Spanish abstract in Resumenes Analíticos Sobre Yuca II:92.]
Spath, C. D. 1971. The toxicity of manioc as a factor in the settlement patterns of lowland South America. Paper presented at the symposium on Manioc in Lowland South America at the 70th Annual Meeting of the American Anthropological Association, New York. [Claims that the more toxic varieties of cassava produce high quality starch comprising the less perishable flours and breads.]
Spath, C. D. 1973. Plant domestication: The case of Manihot esculenta. J. of the Steward Anthropological Society 5(1):45–67. [States that the first identifiable remains of manioc were dated 1,000-800 BC at Huaca Prieta in coastal Peru.]
Spencer, D. S. C. 1973. Rice production and marketing in Sierre Leone. Factors of agricultural growth in West Africa, ed. by L. M. Ofori, 130–144. Proceedings of the International Conference, Legon, April 1971. Accra: Univ. of Ghana, Institute of Social and Economic Research. [Investigates the intercropping of cassava with rice in Liberia and Sierra Leone.]
Spire, D. 1965. Congres de la Protection des cultures Tropicales, compterender des travaux 1965. Versailles: I.N.R.A. [Discusses virus diseases of tropical plants. Written in French.]
Splittstoesser, W. E. 1977. Protein quality and quantity of tropical roots and tubers. Horticultural Science 12(4):294–298. [Examines the protein levels in cassava. States that breeding for increased protein content has not been successful.]
Splittstoesser, W. E., and F. W. Martin. 1975. The tryptophan content of tropical roots and tubers. Horticultural Science 10(1):23–24. [Spanish abstract in Resumenes Analíticos Sobre Yuca II:37.]
Sprague, G. F. 1980. Germplasm resources of plants: Their preservation and use. Annual Review of Phytopathology 18:147–165. [Reports on efforts being made to conserve and document germ plasm resources for crops including cassava.]
Springensguth, W. 1940. Die kultice des manioks seine kranhheiten und schallinge im litoral des staates St. Catharina (Brasilien). Tropenpflanzer 43:286–306.
Springensguth, W. 1943. Dilophonota erinnyis ello L. als Schädling an Manihot utilissima, Pohl. Ang. Schädlingsk 17:64–67 (1941). [Claims that the hornworm caterpillar has increased in areas where cassava has been cultivated. Abstracted in Z. Pflkrankh. 53:307.]
Squibb, R. L., and M. K. Wyld. 1951. Effect of yuca meal in baby chick rations. Turrialba, Cost Rica. 1(6):298–299. [Reports the results of feeding chicks in Guatemala with cassava meal.]
Sreeramamurthy, V. V. 1945. Investigations on the nutritive value of tapioca, Manihot utilissima. Indian J. of Medical Research 33(2):229–238. [Notes that cyanide poisoning and death have resulted from the consumption of poorly prepared diets of cassava tubers and products containing lethal amounts of cyanogenic glucosides. Examines the chemical composition of the plant.]
Srivasta, H. C., and M. M. Patel. 1973. Die Starke 25:17. [Examines the characteristics and behavior of cassava starch.]
Srivastava, K. C., and R. P. Saksena. 1966. Studies on leafspot disease of Manihot utilissima, Pohl. Pez. Labdev. J. of Science Technology 4:146–148.
Srivastava, K. C., and R. P. Saksena. 1967. Spore germination studies of Collectotrichum gloeosporioides, parasite of Manihot utilissima. Pez. Labdev. J. of Science Technology 5(4):312–314. [Describes enemies of the eggs and caterpillars of the genus Erinnyis which destroys cassava.]
Staner, P. 1928. Belgian Congo: Some diseases of cultivated plants. International Bulletin of Plant Protection 2(2):17.
Staner, P. 1931. Mosaique des feuilles de manioc. Bul. Agr. du Congo Belge 22(1):75–80. [Written in French.]
Stanton, W. R., and A. Wallbridge. 1969. Process Biochemistry 4(4):45. [Discusses using cassava as a substrate for the production of fungal protein.]
Staples, E. G. 1945. British Honduras Department of Agriculture Annual Report for 1944. 12 pg. [Reports that leaf-cutting ants belonging to the genus Atta sometimes defoliate cassava.]
Starch. 1960. United States Tariff Commission Report. [States that the principal suppliers of cassava starch to the U.S. are Thailand and Brazil.]
Statistical digest 1972. 1974. Kuala Lumpur: Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development. [States that cassava is a relatively minor crop occupying only about .47 percent of cropped land in Peninsular Malaysia in 1972.]
Statistics for Planning, 1 Agriculture. 1972. Trivandrum, India: State Planning Board. [Provides data on the number of hectares in each district where cassava is cultivated in Kerala.]
Stephens, J. M. 1965. Growing cassava in Florida. Gainesville, Fl.: Univ. of Florida, Agricultural Extension Service, Extension Vegetable Crops, Report 65(1). 3 pg. (Mimeo.) [Provides a description of M. aipi and discusses cassava in Florida.]
Storey, H. H. 1936. Virus diseases of East African plants. VI. A progress report on studies of the diseases of cassava. East African Agricultural J. 2(1):34–39.
Storey, H. H. 1939. Plant pathology. Report of East African Agricultural Research Station, 8–11. [Suggests that brown streak virus found in cassava on the east coast of Africa, may be transmitted by white flies, Bemisia.]
Storey, H. H., and R. F. W. Nichols. 1938a. Studies of the mosaic of cassava. Annals of Applied Biology 25(4):790–806. [Divide the Tanganian mosaic virus into a severe and a mild strain.]
Storey, H. H., and R. F. W. Nichols. 1938b. A field experiment in the transmission of cassava mosaic. East African Agricultural J. 3(6):446–449. [Demonstrates the white fly, Bemisia tabaci, transmits mosaic virus from diseased to healthy plants. Claims the insect transmits the virus only to young leaves.]
Strasser, J., J. A. Abbott, and R. F. Battey. 1970. Process enriches cassava with protein. Food Engineering 42(2):112–116. [Accounts how low cost protein was obtained by growing yeasts on cassava hydrolysate.]
Sturtevant, W. C. 1961. Taino agriculture. Antropológica Supplement 2:69–82. Venezuela. [States that because cassava bread is a durable food it was used on sea voyages between the new world and old world.]
Sturtevant, W. C. 1969. History and ethnography of some West Indian starches: Manioc. Research Seminar in Archaeology and Related Subjects, London University 1968. The domestication and exploitation of plants and animals, ed. by P. J. Ucko, and G. W. Dimbleby, 177–183. Chicago: Aldine. [Examines the cassava processing and utilization techniques in West Indies over a period of 450 years. Claims the Spanish in the Antilles adopted cassava as a staple food, 181.]
Suarez, A., and L. H. Davis. 1962. Un plan para el desarrollo de la producción de yuca en la Costa Atlántica. STACA. [Reports on cassava costs and returns in the Atlantic Coast of Colombia.]
Subrahmanian, V. C. S. 1954a. Rice substitutes. Nature 174:199. [Reports on experiments with cassava as a rice subsitute.]
Subrahmanian, V. C. S. 1954b. Large scale feeding experiments with Mysore flour in distress areas of Madras State. Bulletin of the Central Food Technology Research Institute 3:267. Mysore, India. [Reports on experiments with cassava as a flour subsitute in India.]
Subrahmanian, V. C. S. 1958. Utilization of tapioca flour and low fat groundnut flour in meeting the food shortage. Food Science 7:287. [Reports on experiments with cassava as a flour subsitute.]
Subrahmanian, V. C. S. 1959. Utilization of tapioca flour and low fat groundnut flour in meeting the food shortage. Food Science 8:177. [Reports on experiments with cassava as a flour subsitute.]
Subrahmanyan, V. 1963. Tapioca macaroni. Food Science 12(5):135. [Spanish abstract in Resumenes Analíticos Sobre Yuca II:177.]
Subrahmanyan, V., et al. 1954a. Grain substitutes. Bulletin of Central Food Technological Research Institute 3(7):162–165. India. [Spanish abstract in Resumenes Analíticos Sobre Yuca II:178–179.]
Subrahmanyan, V., et al. 1954b. Investigations on grain substitutes. V. The nutritive value of synthetic rice. Bulletin of Central Food Technological Research Institute 4(3):55–57. India. [Spanish abstract in Resumenes Analíticos Sobre Yuca II:179.]
Subrahmanyan, V., et al. 1954c. Rice substitutes. Nature 174(4422):199–201. London. [Spanish abstract in Resumenes Analíticos Sobre Yuca II:179.]
Subrahmanyan, V., et al. 1961. Studies on enriched tapioca macaroni products. I. Development of new formulations and pilot plant studies. Food Science10(12):379–381. Mysore, India. [Spanish abstract in Resumenes Analíticos Sobre Yuca II:179–180.]
Subrahmanyan, V., G. Rama Rao, and M. Swaminathan. 1950. Investigations on the preparation, properties, and nutritive value of rice substitutes from tubers and millets. J. of Scientific and Industrial Research (Section B) 9(10):259–261. [Spanish abstract in Resumenes Analíticos Sobre Yuca II:178.]
Subrahmanyan, V., G. Rama-Rao, H. B. N. Murthy, and M. Swaminathan. 1958. The effect of replacement of rice in a poor vegetarian diet by tapioca macaroni on the general health and nutritional status of children. British J. of Nutrition 12:353–358. [Discounts arguments against cassava as a poor food source.]
Subrahmanyan, V., H. B. M. Murthy, and M. Swaminathan. 1954. Effects of partial replacement of rice, wheat, or ragi, Eleusine coracana, by tuber flours on the nutritive value of poor vegetarian diets. British J. of Nutrition 8(1):1–10. [Spanish abstract in Resumenes Analíticos Sobre Yuca II:177–178.]
Subramanyam, H., and P. B. Mathur. 1956. Effect of a fungicidal wax coating on the storage behavior of tapioca roots. Bulletin of the Central Food Technological Research Institute Mysore 5(5):110–111. [Points out that fresh cassava roots are subject to soft rot which has been attributed to various species of Penicillium, Aspergillis, Rhizopus, and several species of bacteria.]
Summary and projections. 1972. Cassava Program Review Conference. Cali, Colombia: Centro International de Agricultura Tropical. [Points out that cassava is still considered a low grade crop for inferior people, 10.]
Suzuki, T., and B. Titapiwatanakun. 1980. Marketing of selected food commodities in Japan and Thailand. Extension Bulletin, Food and Fertilizer Technology Center 153. 19 pg. [Discusses cassava marketing in Thailand.]
Swaine, G. 1950. The biology and control of the cassava scale. East African Agricultural J. 16:90–93.
Swaminathan, M., and V. A. Daniel. 1970. Toxicants naturally occurring in foods. Indian J. of Nutrition and Dietetics 7(2):105–118. [Spanish abstract in Resumenes Analíticos Sobre Yuca II:37.]
Swarup, J., L. S. Chauhan, and R. C. Tripathi. 1966. Two new Phomopsis sp. from India. Mycopath. Mycol. Appl. 28:345–347. [Includes a discussion of Uromyces which causes leaf and stem rust.]
Sydow, H. 1939. Fungi aequatorienses. (Serres prima.) Ann. Mycol. Bul. 37(4-5):275–438. [Reports that white thread, a disease caused by the fungus, Fomes lignosus, occurs in Sri Lanka. This disease causes tuber rots of cassava in the field.]