Agronomy: includes field-crop production, yield

Abraham, A. 1956. Tapioca cultivation in India. Farm Bulletin 17. New Delhi, India.

Aggrey, W. 1978b. Effects of plant population on sole-crop cassava in Sierra Leone. Experimental Agriculture 14:239–244.

Agricultural research efficiency in Thailand; a study on the impact of research on agricultural production III: Cassava. 1979. Bangkok, Thailand: Committee for Co-ordination of Investigation of the Lower Mekong Basin.

Ahmad, M. I. 1963. Potential fodder and tuber yields of two varieties of tapioca. Malaysian Agricultural J. 49:166–174.

Akinrele, I. A. 1965. Farming for famine. Proceedings of the Agr. Society of Nigeria 4:40–42.

Akinrele, I. A., C. Collins, A. S. Cook, R. A. Holgate, Y. Junaid, and G. Baumer. 1962. Gari pilot plant (1 ton a day) results of a 3 month trial run. Research Report Federal Institute of Industrial Research, Federation of Nigeria 13:1–30.

Alba, J. de. 1951. Ensayos de engorde de cerdos con raciones a base de maíz, yuca, y bananas. Turrialba, Costa Rica. 1(4):176–184.

Albuquerque, M. de. 1958b. Contribução ao estudo da mandioca. II. Ensaios experimentais de campo. Norte Agronómico 4(4):107–124.

Albuquerque, M. de. 1973. Cultura da mandioca. Belém, Brasil: Instituto de Pesquisa Agropecuária do Norte/Associação de Crédito e Assistência Rural do Pará. Circular 16. 10 pg.

Albuquerque, M. de, M. C. de F. Guimares, and R. M. F. Viegas. 1974. Epocas de plantio et de colheita em zonas mandioqueiras do leste paraense. Boletim Técnico do Instituto de Pesquisa Agropecuária do Norte 60:193–221.

Alvarez, C. A., and C. E. Duque. 1967. Cultivo e industrialización de la yuca, Manihot utilissima, Pohl. Tesis. Ing. Agr. Manizales, Colombia: Univ. de Caldas, Facultad de Agronomía. 184 pg.

Annual report for 1971. 1972. Cali, Colombia: CIAT.

Annual report of the Central Tuber Crop Research Institute. 1968. Trivandrum, India: CTCRI.

Annual report of the Central Tuber Crop Research Institute. 1969. Trivandrum, India: CTCRI.

Annual report of the Central Tuber Crop Research Institute. 1970. Trivandrum, India: CTCRI.

Arraudeau, M. 1967. Cassava in the Malagasy Republic. Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on Tropical Root Crops 1(3):180–184. St. Augustine, Trinidad: Univ. of the West Indies.

Ayres, John C. 1972. Processing cassava for industrial and food uses. A literature review and research recommendations on cassava, Manihot esculenta, Crantz, ed. by C.H. Hendershott, et al., 183–221. Athens, Ga.: Univ. of Georgia.

Basler, A. 1982. Maniok in der Weltnahrungswirtschaft - Eine Analyse van Produktion und Verbrauch unter besonderer Berücksichtigung Afrikas südlich der Sahara Braunschweig (Selbstverlag). 105 pg.

Beck, B. D. A. 1960. Cassava trials on Moor Plantation. Annual Report 1958–1959, 11–16. Lagos, Nigeria: Department of Agricultural Research.

Beck, B. D. A., and S. R. Chant. 1958. A preliminary investigation on the effect of mosaic virus on Manihot utilissima, Pohl. in Nigeria. Tropical Agriculture 35(1):59–64. Trinidad.

Bertoni, M. S. 1970. Le manioc au Paraguay. J. d’Agriculture Tropicale 72:168–170.

Bhutiani, R. C. n.d. Cultivation of tapioca (cassava). Mysore, India: Central Food Tech. Research Institute. Project Circular 11. 4 pg.

Biehl, E. G. 1934. Conservação da rama da mandioca para plantio. Campo, Brasil. 5(4):58–60.

Blain, D. 1985. A farming system for women: The case of cassava production in Zaire. Ceres: FAO. 18(3):43.

Blanco, M. G. 1947. La yuca o guacomote, planta alimenticia e industrial. Tierra 2(1):25–28, 63. Mexico.

Boonsue, B., and S. Sinthuprama. 1976. Cassava - a potential cash crop for Thailand. Thai J. of Agricultural Science 9(1):67–75.

Booth, R. H., and D. W. Wholey. 1979. Cassava processing in South East Asia. Proceedings of a workshop on cassava harvesting and processing, CIAT, Cali, Colombia, 24–28 April 1978, ed. by E. J. Weber, J. H. Cock, and A. Chouinard, 7–11. Ottawa, Canada: IDRC. IDRC-114e. 84 pg.

Botha, W. A. R. 1925. The cultivation and utilization of cassava. South African J. of Industries 8:371–377.

Bourdon, J. P. 1979. Quelques données à propos du manioc. Débats récents. Rungis, France: Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique. 74 pg.

Brandão, S. S. 1959. Ensaio sobre sistemas de plantino da mandioca. Rev. Ceres 11(61):1–7.

Brannen, S. J. 1972. Economics of cassava production and marketing. A literature review and research recommendations on cassava, Manihot esculenta, Crantz, ed. by C. H. Hendershott, et al., 222–254. Athens, Ga.: Univ. of Georgia.

Brawijaya University, Faculty of Agriculture Cassava Research Project. 1975. Progress report III, Nov. 1974–Oct. 1975. Malang, Indonesia.

Brekelbaum, T., A. Bellotti, and J. C. Lozano, eds. 1978. Proceedings of the Cassava Protection Workshop, 1977. Cali, Colombia: Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical.

Briant, A. K., and R. Johns. 1940. Cassava investigations in Zanzibar. East African Agricultural J. 5(6):404–412.

Burgess, Thomas. 1979. Thailand: Can it preserve its biggest money maker? Agribusiness World Sept./Oct., 42–47.

Burgos, C. 1977. Descripción de los sistemas de cultivo y algunas características de los agricultores de Guapiles, Pococi, Costa Rica. Turrialba, Costa Rica: Departamento de Cultivos y Suelos Tropicales. 22 pg.

Butler, E. J. 1970. An economic analysis of production, consumption and marketing in tropical countries. Athens, Ga.: Univ. of Georgia. Unpublished M.S. thesis.

Butler, E. J., E. E. Brown, and L. H. Davis. 1971. An economic analysis of the production, consumption and marketing of cassava (tapioca). Research Bulletin 97. Athens, Ga.: Univ. of Georgia, College of Agriculture Experiment Station.

Cameroon National Root Crops Impovement Programme (CNRCIP). 1986. Progress report. Institute of Agronomic Research (Institut de la Recherche Agronomique), Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, Republic of Cameroon.

Cassava: Export potential and market requirements. 1977. Geneva, Switzerland: International Trade Centre, UNCTAD/GATT.

Cassava processing. 1971. Agricultural Services Bulletin 8. Rome, Italy: FAO.

Cassava production systems. 1975. Cali, Colombia: CIAT. 57 pg.

Cassava progam annual report 1980. 1981. Cali, Colombia: CIAT. 93 pg.

Castillo, L. S. 1974. The cassava industry of the Philippines. Proceedings of an interdisciplinary workshop on cassava processing and storage, Pattaya, Thailand, 17–19 April 1974, ed. by E. V. Araullo, B. Nestel, and M. Campbell, 63–71. Ottawa, Canada: International Development Research Centre, IDRC-031e.

Cello, C. E. 1943. La mandioca. Boletín Agrícola y Ganadero 184/187:57–60. Argentina.

Chadha, Y. R. 1961. Sources of starch in Commonwealth Territories. III. Cassava. Tropical Science 3(3):101–113.

Chamat, J. J. 1980. Aspectos económicos de la producción de yuca en los Llanos Orientales de Colombia. Simposia colombiano sobre alcohol carbuante, ed. by T. Brekelbaum, J. C. Toro, and V. Izquierdo, 45–55. Cali, Colombia: CIAT.

Chan, A. K., compiler. 1971. Growing tapioca, Manihot esculenta, Crantz. Malaysia: Department of Agriculture, Extension Branch, Farm Management Section, Technical Paper 3. 16 pg.

Chan, S. K. 1969. Tapioca investigations at the Federal Experimental Station, Serdang, Ministry of Agriculture, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. (Mimeo.)

Chant, S. R., and J. A. Marden. 1958. A method for the rapid propagation of cassava cuttings. Tropical Agriculture 35:195–199.

Chapman, A. L. 1974. Cassava introduction and planting material increase; final report. Kununurra, Australia: Kimberley Research Station. 10 pg.

Chaterji, K. N. 1949. Age of cassava plant for maximum yield. Science and Culture 14(12):533–534.

Chimprabha, M. 1967. Cassava, Manihot utilissima, Pohl. Bangkok, Thailand: Nai Chaleo Chuntarasup. 9 pg.

CIAT. 1974b. Annual report for 1973. Cali, Colombia: Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical.

CIAT. 1976. Annual report for 1975. Cali, Colombia: Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical.

CIAT. 1977. Cassava program annual report for 1976. Cali, Colombia: Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical.

CIAT. 1979. Annual report. Cali, Colombia: CIAT (International Center for Tropical Agriculture).

Cock, J. H. n.d. Proceedings of the Crop Productivity Symposium. Los Baños, Philippines: International Rice Research Institute.

Cock, J. H. 1973b. Paper presented at the 3rd Int. Symposium Trop. Root Crops, 2–9 Dec. 1973.

Cock, J. H. 1974. Agronomic potential for cassava production. Proceedings of an interdisciplinary workshop on cassava processing and storage, Pattaya, Thailand, 17–19 April 1974, ed. by E. V. Araullo, B. Nestel, and M. Campbell, 21–26. Ottawa, Canada: International Development Research Centre, IDRC-031e.

Cock, J. H. 1977. Summary of discussion: Basic productivity. Proceedings of the 4th Symposium of the International Society for Tropical Root Crops, Cali, Colombia, 1–7 August 1976, ed. by J. H. Cock, R. MacIntyre, and M. Graham, 152–153. Ottawa, Canada: IDRC. IDRC-080e.

Cock, J. H. 1979. Cassava research. Field Crops Research 2:185–191.

Cock, J. H. 1982. Cassava: A basic energy source in the tropics. Science 218:755–762.

Cock, J. H. 1985. Cassava: New potential for a neglected crop. Boulder, Co.: Westview Press. 191 pg.

Cock, J. H., A. Castro, and J. C. Toro. 1978. Agronomic implications of mechanical harvesting. Proceedings of a workshop on cassava harvesting and processing, held at CIAT, Cali, Colombia, 24–28 April 1978, ed. by E. J. Weber, J. H. Cock, and A. Chouinard, 60–65. Ottawa, Canada: International Development Research Centre, IDRC-114e. 84 pg.

Cock, J. H., and J. K. Lynam. 1982. Cassava: Future potential and development needs. Proceedings of the 5th International Tropical Root Crop Symposium, Manila, Philippines, Sept. 1979. Los Baños: Philippine Council for Agricultural and Resources Research.

Cock, J. H., and R. H. Howeler. 1979. The ability of cassava to grow on poor soils. Crop tolerance to suboptimal land conditions, ed. by G. A. Jung, 145–154. Madison, Wis.: American Society of Agronomy.

Cock, J. H., D. Franklin, G. Sandoval, and P. Juri. 1979. Crop Science 19(2):271.

Cock, J. H., R. MacIntyre, and M. Graham, eds. 1977. Proceedings of the 4th Symposium of the International Society for Tropical Root Crops held at CIAT, Cali, Colombia, 1–7 August 1976. Ottawa, Canada: International Development Research Centre, IDRC-080e. 277 pg.

Conceição, A. J. da. 1979. A mandioca. Cruz das Almas, Brazil: Universidade Federal da Bahia, Escola de Agronomia.

Conceição, A. J. da, and C. V. Sampaio. 1975a. Influência da posição da maniva na produção da mandioca. Cruz das Almas, Brasil: Univ. Federal da Bahia, Escola de Agronomia/BRASCAN Nordeste. Série Pesquisas 1(1):79–85.

Conceição, A. J. da, and C. V. Sampaio. 1975b. Sistemas de plantío de mandioca. Projeto mandioca, Cruz das Almas, Brasil. Convenio U.F.Ba./BRASCAN Nordeste. Série Pesquisas 2(1):119–127.

Conceição, A. J. da, C. Y. Sampaio, and I. O. Borges. 1975. Competição de cultivares de mandioca, Manihot esculenta, Crantz, para a produçao de ramas e raízes forrageiras. Cruz das Almas, Brasil: Univ. Federal da Bahia, Escola de Agronomía/BRASCAN Nordeste. Série Pesquisa 1(1):87–97.

Congo (Brazzaville), Ministere de l’Agriculture, Rapport d’éxecution 1972–1973. 1974. Brassaville: Bureau pour le Dévelopment de la Production Agricole. 62 pg.

Correa, H. 1971. Possibilidades de aproveitamento do cerrado para cultura da mandioca. Sete Lagõas, Brasil: Instituto de Pesquisa e Experimentação Agropecuárias Centro - Oeste. 15 pg.

Cours, G. 1951. Le manioc à Madagascar. Mem. Institut Recherches Sci. Madagascar Serie B Biol. Veg. 3(2):203–400.

Coursey, D. G., and P. H. Haynes. 1970. Root crops and their potential as food in the tropics. World Crops 22(5):261–265.

Critides, B. 1966. Summary report: Cultivation of manioc in Brazil. Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn, N.Y.

Crop statistics 1963–1972. n.d. Philippines: Bureau of Agricultural Economics. (Mimeo.)

Cuervo Gomez, P. L. 1973. Paper presented at the 3rd International Symposium on Tropical Root Crops, 2–9 Dec. 1973.

Cultivation of tapioca. 1968. Chemara Research SDN, BHD, KGSB Technique 6:8.

Cultivo de la yuca. 1950/51. Boletín Agrícola 376/381:3229–3320. Antioquia, Colombia: Secretaria de Agricultura.

Cunha, H. M. P. da, and A. J. da Coceiçao. 1975. Indução ao florescimento da mandioca, Manihot esculenta, Crantz - nota previa. Projeto mandioca, Cruz das Almas, Brasil. Convênio U.F.Ba./BRASCAN Nordeste. Série Pesquisa 2(1):11–14.

Cunliffe, R. S. 1916. La yuca: Su cultivo, variedades, contenido en almidón y fabricación. Santiago de las Vegas, Cuba: Secretaría de Agricultura Comercio y Trabajo. Estación Experimental Agronómica. Boletín 34. 66 pg.

Curiel, N. F., and R. E. J. Velásquez. 1977. Técnicas para la producción de yuca, con especial interés para el Estado Monagas. Caracas, Venezuela: Ministerio de Agricultura y Cría. 52 pg.

Dangler, James M. 1982. Root and top yields of cassava and sweet potato as affected by cultivar, fertilizer rate, cowpea intercrop or time of harvest. M.S. thesis. Gainesville, Fl: Univ. of Florida.

Díaz D., A. 1976. Preparación del terreno. Curso sobre producción de yuca, 187–196. Cali, Colombia: CIAT.

Díaz, R. O. 1970a. World production of manioc root. Palmira, Colombia: CIAT.

Díaz, R. O. 1970b. Cost of production of yuca studies. Palmira, Colombia: CIAT.

Díaz, R.O. 1972. World cassava production and yield trends 1960–1968. Boletín RB-1. Cali, Colombia: CIAT. 119 pg.

Díaz, R. O., P. Pinstrup-Andersen, and R. D. Estrada. 1975. Costs and use of inputs in cassava production in Colombia: A brief description. Cali, Colombia: Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical. Series EE-5. 40 pg.

Dixon, John A. 1979. Production and consumption of cassava in Indonesia. Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies 3(15):83–102.

Dizes, J. 1975. Aperçus sur le manioc et sa culture. Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire, Office de la Recherche Scientifique et Technique Outre - Mer, Centre d’Adiopodoumé, Service d’Experimentation Biologique. 48 pg.

Dussel, L. 1962. Produits malgaches. Manioc. Bulletin Madagascar 12(193):465–480. Tananarive.

Edwards, D. T., and J. Cropper. 1967. An economic view of the development of new production systems. Proceedings of International Symposium on Tropical Root Crops 2(5):57–66. St Augustine, Trinidad: Univ. of the West Indies.

Ehlers, R. F. 1954. Considerações sôbre a cultura da mandioca. Granja, Brasil. 10(81):44–46; 10(82):34–37.

Ekandem, M. J. 1964. Cassava investigations carried out in Northern Nigeria, 1958–1962. Memorandum Federal Department of Agricultural Research, Fed. Nigeria 55:1–11.

Enyi, B. A. C. 1970. The effect of age on the establishment and yield of cassava sets, Manihot esculenta, Crantz. Beitr. Tropischen Subtropischen Landwirtsch Tropenveterinarmedizin 8(1):71–75.

Enyi, B. A. C. 1972a. East African Agricultural and Forestry J. 38:23–27.

Enyi, B. A. C. 1972b. J. Hort. Science 47:457.

Enyi, B. A. C. 1972c. Cassava varietal assessment. Tropical Root and Tuber Crops Newsletter 5:7–11.

Enyi, B. A. C. 1973a. Growth rates of three cassava varieties, Manihot esculenta, under varying population densities. J. of Agricultural Science 81:15–28. England.

Enyi, B. A. C. 1973b. Paper presented at the 3rd International Symposium on Tropical Root Crops, 2–9 Dec. 1973.

Estrada, N. 1968. El cultivo de la yuca. Bul. Mensual de Divulgación 23, Bogotá, Colombia.

Estrado-Ramos, N., et al. 1970. El cultivo de la yuca en Colombia. Revista Esso Agrícola 16(5):28–31; 16(6):22–24.

Estudios de costos de producción de yuca. Centro Agrícola Regional de la Zona Norte, Zona de San Francisco de la Palmera, 29 fincas, Año 1973, Costa Rica. 1974. Min. de Agr. y Ganadería, Dirección de Planeamiento y Coordinación, Dept. de Economía y Estadísticas Agropecuarias. Boletín Técnico 21. 40 pg.

Experiments produce more cassava. 1961. Quarterly Bulletin, 5–12. Department of Agriculture. Zanzibar. 1961.

Ezeilo, W. N. O., J. C. Flinn, and L. B. Williams. 1975. Cassava producers and cassava production in the east central state of Nigeria. Ibadan, Nigeria: National Accelerated Food Production Project.

Ezumah, H. C., S. Kabonyi, and K. Beya. 1976. Guidelines for the establishment of a cassava improvement project: The Zaire model. The International Exchange and Testing of Cassava Germ Plasm in Africa. Proceedings of an interdisciplinary workshop, Ibadan, Nigeria, 1975, ed. by E. R. Terry, and R. MacIntyre, 45–48. Ottawa, Canada: IDRC.

Feller, M. 1968. Cultura da mandioca. Recife, Brasil: Grupo Executivo da Integração da Politica dos Transportes. 9 pg.

Fernando, M., and E. S. Jayasundera. 1942. Cultural experiments with cassava, Manihot utilissima, Pohl-I. Tropical Agriculturist 98(3):3–8. Ceylon.

Ferreira Filho, J. C., et al. 1942. Manual da mandioca, a mais brasileira das plantas uteis; cultura, pragas e doenças, indústria. São Paulo, Brasil: Edição da Chácaras e Quintaes. 299 pg.

Flacourt, M. de. 1906. Compte-rendu des expériences culturales faites à la Station Expérimentale de Thanh-Ba (Tonkin) (2 août–fin janvier 1906). Bulletin Economique de l’Indochin, 450–463.

Flinn, J. C. 1976. Possibilities for economic research into cassava production systems in Africa. The International Exchange and Testing of Cassava Germ Plasm in Africa. Proceedings of an interdisciplinary workshop held at IITA, Ibadan, Nigeria, 17–21 November 1975, ed. by E. Terry, and R. MacIntyre, 15–20. Ottawa, Canada: International Development Research Centre.

Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 1963. Production yearbook 17. Rome.

Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 1967. Production yearbook 21. Rome.

Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 1968. Production yearbook 22. Rome.

Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 1969. Production yearbook 23. Rome.

Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 1971. Production yearbook 25. Rome.

Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 1980a. Production yearbook 34. Rome.

Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 1980b. Food balance sheets 1975–1977 average. Rome.

Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 1981. Production yearbook 35. Rome.

Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 1982. Production yearbook 36. Rome.

Fresco, L. O. 1986. Cassava in shifting cultivation, a systems approach to agricultural technology development in Africa. Amsterdam: Royal Tropical Institute.

Fresco, Louise. 1982b. Les femmes et la production de manioc. Rapport fondé sur les travaux de deux projets PNUD/FAO: ZAI/78/001 et ZAI/81/017. Kikwit, Zaïre.

Fresco, Louise. 1984. Women and cassava production: An approach to improving agricultural productivity in rural Zaire. FSSP Newletter 2(2). Gainesville, Fl.: Univ. of Florida.

Furtado, M. J., et al. 1978. Sistema de Cultivo de yuca, Manihot esculenta, Crantz, en hileras dobles. Conferencia presentada en el curso sobre producción de yuca. Cali, Colombia: Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT).

Galang, F. C. 1931. Experiments on cassava at the Lamao Experiment Station, Lamao, Bataan. Philippine Agr. 28(9):762–770.

Gallegos, R. 1976. Evaluación de producción agronómica y biomasa en sistemas de producción que incluyen yuca, Manihot esculenta, Crantz. Turrialba, Costa Rica. M.S. thesis.

Garcia Reyes, F. 1974. Producción de 25 variedades de yuca en zona cafetera. Cenicafé 25(3):84–89.

Gaviria, M. H. 1957. Cultivo de la yuca. Agricultura Tropical 13:429. Colombia.

Godfrey-Sam-Aggrey, W. 1973. Paper presented at the 3rd International Symposium on Tropical Root Crops, 2–9 Dec. 1973.

Gody, J. M. de. 1940b. Tecnologia agrícola fecularia e amindonaria. São Paulo, Brasil: Secretaria da Agricultura, Industria e Comercio do Estado de São Paulo, 2nd ed. 288 pg.

Golding, F. D. 1936b. Cassava mosaic in Sothern Nigeria. 11th Bulletin of Agricultural Department Nigeria, 1–10.

Gonzalez, J. A., et al. 1974. El cultivo de la yuca en Venezuela. Maracay, Venezuela: Ministerio de Agricultura y Cría, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Sección de Fitopatología. 18 pg.

Grace, M. 1971. Cassava processing. Agricultural Service Bulletin 8. Rome, Italy: FAO.

Graner, E. A., and J. T. M. Abrahao. 1970. Cultura da mandioca. Piracicaba, Brasil: Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Dept. de Agr. e Horticultura. 24 pg.

Grossman, J. 1945. A cultura da mandioca no Rio Grande do Sul. Revista de la Facultad de Agronomía 42:43–75.

Gurnah, A. M. 1973. Paper presented at the 3rd International Symposium on Tropical Root Crops, 2–9 Dec. 1973.

Gurnah, A. M. 1974. Effects of method of planting and the length and types of cuttings on yield and some yield components of cassava, Manihot esculenta, Crantz, grown in the forest zone of Ghana. Ghana J. of Agricultural Science 7:103–108.

Hahn, S. K., and Janet Keyser. 1985. Cassava: A basic food of Africa. Outlook on Agriculture 14(2):95–99.

Hahn, S. K., E. R. Terry, K. Leuschner, and T. P. Singh. 1981. Tropical root crops: Research strategies for the 1980s, 25–28. Ottawa, Canada: International Development Research Centre, IDRC-163e.

Hahn, S. K., E. R. Terry, K. Leuschner, I. O. Akobunda, C. O. Okali, and R. Lal. 1979. Cassava improvement in Africa. Field Crops Research 2:193–226.

Harper, R. S. 1973. Cassava growing in Thailand. World Crops 25(2):94–97. London.

Hendershott, C. H. 1972a. Summary and recommended research programs. A literature review and research recommendations on cassava, Manihot esculenta, Crantz, ed. by C. H. Hendershott, et al., 255–268. Athens, Ga.: Univ. of Georgia.

Hendershott, C. H. 1972b. Preface. A literature review and research recommendations on cassava, Manihot esculenta, Crantz, ed. by C. H. Hendershott, et al., i–v. Athens, Ga.: Univ. of Georgia.

Hirose, S., and E. S. Data. 1984. Physiology of postharvest deterioration of cassava roots. Tropical root crops: Postharvest physiology and processing, ed. by I. Uritani, and E. D. Reyes, 37–51. Tokyo: Japan Scientific Societies Press.

Hoffman, A. S. 1973. Paper presented at the 3rd International Symposium on Tropical Root Crops, 2–9 Dec. 1973.

Hone, Agnus. 1973. Tapioca: A case study of India with particular reference to Kerala. Cassava utilization and potential markets, 107–125. Ottawa, Canada: IDRC. IDRC-020e.

Hoopes, R. W. 1976. Cassava as a food resource in Brazil. Ithaca, New York: Cornell Univ., Department of Agricultural Economics, 76(18). 37 pg.

Howland, A. K. 1975. A rapid multiplication technique. The International Exchange and Testing of Cassava Germ Plasm in Africa. Proceedings of an interdisciplinary workshop, Ibadan, Nigeria, 1975, ed. by E. R. Terry, and R. MacIntyre, 41–44. Ottawa, Canada: IDRC.

Hrishi, N. 1974. Problems and prospects in cassava production in India. Proceedings of an interdisciplinary workshop on cassava processing and storage, Pattaya, Thailand, 17–19 April 1974, ed. by E. V. Araullo, B. Nestel, and M. Campbell, 59–62. Ottawa, Canada: International Development Research Centre, IDRC-031e.

Huertas, A. S. 1940. A study of the yield of cassava as affected by age of cuttings. Philippine Agr. 28(9):762–770.

Indira, P., and S. K. Sinha. 1970. Studies on the initiation and development of tubers in Manihot esculenta, Crantz. Indian J. of Plant Physiology 13:24–39.

Indira, P., and T. Kurian. 1973. Paper presented at the 3rd International Symposium on Tropical Root Crops, 2–9 Dec. 1973.

Ingram, J. S., and J. R. O. Humphries. 1972. Cassava storage—a review. Tropical Science 14(2):131–148.

International Institute for Tropical Agriculture (IITA). 1982. Tropical root crops program. Annual report 1981. Ibadan, Nigeria: IITA.

Jayasena, H. 1963. Meals for the millions and multipurpose food. Colombo, Sri Lanka. Unpublished ms.

Jennings, D. L. 1960a. Observations on virus diseases of cassava in resistant and susceptible varieties. I. Mosaic disease. Emp. J. Experimental Agriculture 28:23–34.

Jennings, D. L. 1970a. Cassava in Africa. Field Crop Abstracts 23:271–278.

Jeyaseelan, K. N. 1951. Studies in growth and yield of cassava. I. Yield in relation to size and type of set. Tropical Agriculturalist 108(3):168–171. Ceylon.

Johnston, B. F. 1956. Staple food crops in West Africa and the Congo. Tropical Agriculture 33(3):214–220 Trinidad.

Johnston, B. F. 1958. The staple food economies of western tropical Africa. Food Research Institute Studies in Tropical Development, Stanford Univ.

Johnston, B. F., and H. Kaneda. 1960. Urban expenditure patterns in tropical Africa. Food Research Institute Studies in Tropical Development 2(3):229–275, Stanford Univ.

Jones, W. O. 1967. Starchy roots in the dietaries of developing tropical countries. Proceedings of an International Symposium on Tropical Root Crops 2(5):34–44. St. Augustine, Trinidad: Univ. of the West Indies.

Kaneda, H., and B. F. Johnston. 1961. Urban food expenditure patterns in tropical Africa. Food Research Institute Studies 2:229–275.

Kasele, I. N., and S. K. Hahn. 1982. IITA Annual report. Ibadan, Nigeria: IITA.

Kay, D. E. 1973. Crop and product digest 2: Root crops. London: Tropical Products Institute. 245 pg.

Kayode, G. O. 1983. Effects of various planting and harvesting times on the yield, HCN, dry-matter accumulation and starch content of four cassava varieties in a tropical rainforest region. J. Agricultural Science 101:633–636. Cambridge.

Kidavu, M. G. 1920. Note on tapioca cultivation. Mysore Economic J. 6:459–461.

Koens, A. J. 1955. Knol gewassen. De landbouw in den indischen archipel, ed. by C. J. J. Van Hall, and C. Van De Koppel, II(A):166–200.

Krochmal, A. 1966. Labor input and mechanization of cassava. World Crops 18(3):28–30.

Krochmal, A. 1969. Propagation of cassava. World Crops 21(3):193–195.

Krochmal, A. 1973. Paper presented at the 3rd International Symposium on Tropical Root Crops, 2–9 Dec. 1973.

Lambourne, J. 1937b. Tapioca varietal trials. Malayan Agricultural J. 25(3):107–112.

Lawson, T. L. 1982. IITA Annual report, 143. Ibadan, Nigeria: IITA.

Leihner, D. E. 1979. Agronomic implications of cassava-legume intercropping systems. Proceedings of an international workshop on intercropping with cassava, held at Trivandrum, India, 27 Nov–1 Dec 1978, ed. by E. Weber, B. Nestel, and M. Campbell, 103–112. Ottawa, Canada: International Development Research Centre, IDRC-142e. 143 pg.

Leihner, D. E. 1980. A mininum input technology for cassava production. Zeitschrift für acker-und Pflanzenbau 149:261–270.

Leslie, K. A. 1967. The significance of root crops in the tropics. Proceedings of an International Symposium on Tropical Root Crops 2(5):1–14. St. Augustine, Trinidad: Univ. of the West Indies.

López, J. L. E., and N. Estrada R. 1969. Taxonomía de la yuca, su orígen, valor nutritivo y prácticas agronómicas. Paper presented at Simposio y Ford de Biología Tropical Amazónica.

Loría, W. 1962. Influencia del tamaño y posición de la estaca de yuca en el arraigamiento, rendimiento y producción de follaje. American Society of Horticultural Science. Caribbean Regional Proceedings 6:20–23.

Lowe, S. B., J. D. Mahon, and L. A. Hunt. 1976. The effect of daylength on shoot growth and formation of root tubers in young plants of cassava, Manihot esculenta, Crantz. Plant Science Letters 6(1):57–62.

Lozano, J. C., and D. W. Wholey. 1974. The production of bacteria-free planting stock of cassava. World Crops 26(2):115–117.

Lozano, J. C., J. C. Toro, A. Castro, and A. Bellotti. 1977. Production of cassava planting material. Cali, Colombia: Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical, CIAT GE-17. 28 pg.

Luzuriaga, H. 1976. Descripción agro-económica del proceso del cultivo de yuca en el Ecuador. Publicación miscelanea 33. Quito, Ecuador: Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Departamento de Economía, Agricola.

Lynam, J. K. 1978. Options for Latin American countries in the development of integrated cassava production programs. The adaptation of traditional agriculture: Socioeconomic problems of urbanization, ed. by E. K. Fisk, 213–256. Canberra: Australian National Univ. Development Studies Centre Monograph 11.

Lynam, J. K., and D. Pachico. 1983. Cassava in Latin America, current status and future prospects. Cali, Colombia: CIAT. Mimeograph.

Machado, A. 1951. Enraizamiento de la yuca, Parte II. Chinchiná, Colombia: Centro Nacional de Investigaciones de Café. Bol. Tech. 1(5):3–16.

Mamicpic, N. G. 1973. The present status of production and research in root crops. PCAR, Crops Research Division. 6 pg. (Mimeo.)

Mandal, R. C., K. D. Singh, and S. B. Maini. 1973. Effect of plant density, fertility level and shootnumber on tuber yield and quality of tapioca hybrids. Indian J. of Agronomy 18(4):498–593.

Manioc. 1957. Rapport Annuel, 95–96. Congo Belge: Institut National pour l’Etude Agronomique du Congo.

Manioc. 1964. Rapport Annuel 1963, 73–78. Tananarive: Institut de Recherches Agronomiques de Madagascar.

Manioc “Brazilian bread”. 1967. Conjuntura Econ. Rio de Janeiro. 14(6):47–54.

Market processes in the Recife area of Norhteast Brazil. 1969. Michigan State Univ., Latin American Studies Center, Research Report 2.

Marrewijk, G. A. M. van. 1974. Preliminary cassava yields trials on soils of the Zanderij formation. Surinaamse Landbouw 22(2/3):52–57.

Marriott, J., R. A. Plumbley, and J. E. Rickard. 1980. Physiological aspects of the storage of cassava and other tropical root crops. Opportunities for increasing crop yield, ed. by R. G. Hurd, P. V. Biscoe, and C. Dennis, 363–375. London: Pitmans Publ. Ltd.

Martin, M. 1952. Le manioc. Engrais 53:17–20.

Mattos, P. L. P. de, J. de C. Gomes, and A. P. de Matos. 1973. Cultura da mandioca. Cruz das Almas, Brasil: Instituto de Pesquisas Agropecuárias do Leste. Circular 27. 13 pg.

McConnnell, R. M. 1964. A survey of agriculture in Malaysia. IRS, USDA, Foreign-95.

McIntosh, Jerry L., and Suryatna Effendi. 1979. Soil fertility implications of cropping patterns and practices for cassava. Proceedings of an international workshop on intercropping with cassava, held at Trivandrum, India, 27 Nov–1 Dec 1978, ed. by E. Weber, B. Nestel, and M. Campbell, 77–85. Ottawa, Canada: International Development Research Centre, IDRC-142e. 143 pg.

Milthorpe, F. L. 1969. Some physiological principles determining the yield of root crops. Proceedings of an International Symposium on Tropical Root Crops 2:1–19. St. Augustine, Trinidad: Univ. of the West Indies. 2–8 April 1967, ed. by E. A. Tai.

Molinyawe, C. D. 1967. Status of root crop research in the Philippines. Proceedings of an International Symposium on Tropical Root Crops 1(3):69–83. St. Augustine, Trinidad: Univ. of the West Indies.

Molinyawe, C. D. 1968. Cassava: A guide to its culture. Univ. of the Philippines, College of Agriculture, Farmer’s Bulletin 24, 13 pg.

Moran, E. F. 1976. Manioc deserves more recognition in tropical farming. World Crops 28(4):184–190.

Moreno, R. A., and R. D. Hart. 1979b. Intercropping with cassava in Central America. Proceedings of an international workshop on intercropping with cassava, held at Trivandrum, India, 27 Nov–1 Dec 1978, ed. by E. Weber, B. Nestel, and M. Campbell, 17–24. Ottawa, Canada: International Development Research Centre, IDRC-142e. 143 pg.

Morgan Rees, A. M. 1967. Some aspects of root crop production. Proceedings of an International Symposium on Tropical Root Crops 5:18–32. St. Augustine, Trinidad: Univ. of the West Indies.

Mota, T. P. 1970. Agronomia Moçambicana 4:21.

Muthukrishnan, C. R., and S. Thamburaj. 1979. Cassava intercropping patterns and management practices at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India. Proceedings of an international workshop on intercropping with cassava, held at Trivandrum, India, 27 Nov–1 Dec 1978, ed. by E. Weber, B. Nestel, and M. Campbell, 37–41. Ottawa, Canada: International Development Research Centre, IDRC-142e. 143 pg.

Muthukrishnan, C. R., et al. 1973. Relationship of certain yield components in Manihot esculenta, Crantz. Madras Agricultural J. 60(9–12):1610–1612.

Nair, P. G., and T. Varghese. 1970. Effect of liming on the yields and quality of cassava in laterite soils. Agricultural Research J. of Kerala 8(1):14–16.

Natarajan, R., and G. Vijayakumar. 1973. Paper presented at the 3rd International Symposium on Tropical Root Crops, 2–9 Dec. 1973.

Natarajan, R., and P. Rengasamy. 1973. Paper presented at the 3rd International Symposium on Tropical Root Crops, 2–9 Dec. 1973.

Nestel, B. L. 1973b. Current utilization and future potential for cassava. Proceedings of an interdisciplinary workshop on chronic cassava toxicity, London, England, 29–30 January 1973, ed. by B. Nestel, and R. MacIntyre, 11–26. Ottawa, Canada: International Development Research Centre, IDRC-010e. 163 pg.

Nestel, B. L. 1974a. Après le blé et le riz, le “manioc miracle?” Co-opération 13:9–15.

Nestel, B. L. 1974b. Current trends in cassava research. Ottawa, Canada: International Development Research Centre, IDRC-036e. 32 pg.

Ngongi, A. G. N. 1976. Influence of some mineral nutrients on growth, composition and yield of cassava, Manihot esculenta, Crantz. Ph.D. dissertation. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell Univ. 215 pg.

Nijholt, J. A. 1964. Report of the survey on cassava production and processing in Ceylon. Rome, Italy: FAO.

Nitis, I. M., and I. G. N. Sumatra. 1976. The effect of fertilizers on the growth and yield of cassava, Manihot esculenta, var. Gading, undersown with stylo (Stylosanthes guyanensis cv. Schofield) at Penebel, Bali. Denpasar, Bali: Univ. Udayana, Fakultas Kedotern Heivan dan Peternakan. Bulletin 048. 13 pg.

Normanha, E. S. 1962b. Meal of stalks and leaves of cassava. Agronômica 14(5-6):16–19.

Normanha, E. S. 1970b. General aspects of cassava root production in Brazil. Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Tropical Root and Tuber Crops 1:61–63. Hawaii.

Normanha, E. S., and A. S. Pereira. 1950. Aspectos agronômicos da cultura de mandioca, Manihot utilissima, Pohl. Bragantia 10(7):179–202.

Obigbesan, G. O., and A. A. Agboola. 1973. An evaluation of the yield and quality of some Nigerian cassava varieties as effected by age. Paper presented at the 3rd International Symposium on Tropical Root Crops, 2–9 Dec. 1973.

Odigboh, E. U. 1983. Cassava: Production, processing and utilization handbook of tropical foods, ed. by H. T. Chan, 145–200. New York: Marcel Dekker.

Oelsligle, D. D., R. Meneses, and R. E. McCollum. 1974. Nitrogen response by a corn-cassava intercropped system in the Atlantic Coast of Costa Rica. Agronomic research on tropical soils. Raleigh: North Carolina State Univ.

Okigbo, B. N. 1970. Effects of methods of seedbed preparation and mulching on cassava yield. Proceedings: Soil Tillage and Crop Production, Ibadan, Nigeria, ed. by R. Lal, 75–92.

Okigbo, B. N. 1971. Effect of planting dates on the yield and general performance of cassava, Manihot utilissima, Pohl. Nigerian Agricultural J. 8:115–122.

Okigbo, B. N. 1973. Paper presented at the 3rd International Symposiom on Tropical Root Crops. 2–9 Dec. 1973.

Okigbo, B. N. 1977. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, preliminary cassava interplanting trials. Umudike, Nigeria: First NAFPP (National Accelerated Food Production Project) National Cassava Workshop. 9 pg.

Olalo, C. C. 1973. Production and hectarage of root crops in the Philippines 1963–1972. PCAR, Crops Research Division. 30 pg. (Mimeo.)

Oliveira, S. L. de, M. M. Macedo, and M. C. M. Porto. 1981. Efeito do déficit da água na produção de raizes de mandioca. Report from Centro Nacionale de Pesquisa de Mandioca e Fruticultura. Cruz das Almas, Bahia.

Onwueme, I. C. 1978a. An evaluation of the performance of cassava, Manihot esculenta, Crantz, when grown from inverted stem cuttings. J. Agricultural Science 90:149–156. Cambridge.

Onwueme, I. C. 1978b. Cassava. The tropical tuber crops. Chichester, England: John Wiley and Sons. 234 pg.

Opsomer, J. E. 1938. De invloed van de mozaiekziekte op de opbrengst van de casaave. Bul. Agricole Congo Belge 29(2):317–322.

Package of practices for tapioca. 1972. Trivandrum, India: Central Tuber Crop Research Institute (CTCRI).

Pearson, S. R., W. P. Falcon, and W. O. Jones. 1984. Cassava and Java. The cassava economy of Java, ed. by W. P. Falcon, W. O. Jones, and S. R. Pearson, 1–7. Stanford: Stanford Univ. Press.

Phillips, T. P. 1974a. Cassava utilization and potential markets. Ottawa, Canada: International Development Research Centre, IDRC-020e. 182 pg.

Phillips, T. P. 1977. A profile of Thai cassava production practices. Proceedings of the 4th Symposium of the International Society for Tropical Root Crops. CIAT, Cali, Colombia, 1–7 Aug. 1976. Ottawa, Canada: International Development Research Centre, IDRC-080e.

Phillips, T. P. 1983. Proceedings of the Workshop, Ottawa, Canada, 1982, ed. by F. Delange, and A. Ahluwaliaved, 83–88. Ottawa, Canada: IDRC. IDRC-207e.

Pinchinat, A. M. 1973. Rendimiento potencial de la yuca, Manihot esculenta, Crantz, en la zona de Turrialba, Costa Rica. Proceedings of the Tropical Region. American Society for Horticultural Science 17:367–372.

Pinstrup-Andersen, P., and N. Pinstrup-Andersen de Londoño. 1971. Estudio de consumidores de la Ciudad de Cali. Cali, Colombia: CIAT.

Pinstrup-Anderson, P., and R. O. Díaz. 1975. A suggested method for improving the information base for establishing priorities in cassava research. The International Exchange and Testing of Cassava Germ Plasm. Proceedings of an interdisciplinary workshop held at CIAT, Palmira, Colombia, 4–6 February 1975, ed. by B. Nestle, and R. MacIntyre, 51–59. Ottawa, Canada: International Development Research Centre.

The precious root: Thailand’s tapioca industry. 1971. Investor 3:12.

Primer seminario nacional sobre yuca, Manihot esculenta, 10 Oct 1973. Tacarigua Estación Experimental “Samán Mocho”. 1973. Revista de la Facultad de Agronomía 22. Alcance, Venezuela. 167 pg.

Production, marketing and processing of tapioca in Thailand in the year 2514 (1971). 1973. Bangkok, Thailand: Agricultural Economic Division, Ministry of Agriculture.

Proposed national research program in root crops. 1973. PCAR, Crops Research Division. 8 pg. (Mimeo.)

Puig, and J. Nattino. 1920. La mandioca. Revista del Ministerio de Industrias 8(52):81–85. Uruguay.

Pynaert, L. 1915. Cassava: Its cultivation and utilization. Bulletin of the Imperial Institute 12:581–611.

Raeburn, J. R., R. K. Kerkham, and J. W. Y. Higgs. 1950. Report of a survey of problems in the mechanisation of native agriculture in tropical African colonies. London: H. M. S. O.

Rankine, L. B., and M. H. Houng. 1971. A preliminary view of cassava production in Jamaica. Trinidad: Department of Agricultural Economics Occasional Series 6, Univ. of the West Indies.

Rees, A. M. M. 1967. Some economic aspects of root crop production. Proceedings of an International Symposium on Tropical Root Crops 2(5):18–33. St. Augustine, Trinidad: Univ. of the West Indies.

Report of a CIAT/IDRC-sponsored cassava program review, Cali, January 1972. 1972. Cali, Colombia: CIAT.

Report of the Sub-Committee of the Tapioca Market Expansion Board. 1972. Trivandrum, India.

Report on Intensive Agricultural District Programme in Kerala. 1971. Evaluation series 9. Trivandrum, India: State Planning Board.

Ribeiro Filho, J. 1966. Cultura da mandioca. Viçosa, Brasil Univ. Rural do Estado de Minas Gerais, Escola Superior de Agricultura. 80 pg.

Roche, F. C. 1984. Production systems. The cassava economy of Java, ed. by W. P. Falcon, W. O. Jones, and S. R. Pearson, 8–62. Stanford: Stanford Univ. Press.

Rodríguez, N. F., and C. A. Sánchez de Bustamante. 1963. Importancia del tipo de istaca para la producción de mandioca en Misiones. Rev. Invest. Agr. 17(3):289–302.

Rodríguez, N. F., C. A. Sánchez de Bustamante, and J. Tarabanoff. 1966. Algunos factores que influyen en el comportamiento del cultivo de mandioca en la Provincia de Misiones. Rev. Invest. Agropecuarias INTA 3(11):167–208.

Rogers, D. J., and S. G. Appan. 1972. Cassava, Manihot esculenta, Crantz, the plant, world production and its importance in world food supply. A literature review and research recommendations on cassava, Manihot esculenta, Crantz, ed. by C. H. Hendershott, et al., 1–14. Athens, Ga.: Univ. of Georgia.

Root and tuber improvement. 1974. Annual Report 1972–1973, 21–25. Ibadan, Nigeria: IITA.

Root and tuber improvement. 1975. Annual Report 1974, 125–152. Ibadan, Nigeria: IITA.

Root Crops Cooperative Testing Network: Recommendations for establishment, cultivation and evaluation of test materials. n.d. Ibadan, Nigeria: IITA. Mimeo.

Roots and tubers: Cassava. 1954. Farmer’s guide, 433–436. Kingston, Jamaica: Jamaica Agricultural Society.

Rosenthal, F. R. T. 1976. A cultura da mandioca. Informativo do INT 9(10):27–36.

Ruthenberg, Hans. 1971. Farming systems in the tropics. Oxford, England.

Sales A., A. M., and D. E. Leihner. 1980. Influence of period and conditions of storage on growth and yield of cassava. Proceedings of a workshop on cassava cultural practices, Bahia, Brazil, ed. by Weber, Torro, and Graham, 33–37. Ottawa, Canada: IDRC. IDRC-151e.

Sampaio, C. V., and A. J. da Conceição. 1975. Espaçamento da cultura da mandioca, Manihot esculenta, Crantz. Cruz das Almas, Brasil. Convenio U.F.Ba./BRASCAN Nordeste. Série Pesquisa 2(1):99–105.

Sarmiento, M. E. 1969. Descripción morfológica y comparativa de rendimiento de 17 cultivares de yuca. La Molina, Perú: Universidad Nacional Agraria, Programa de Agronomía.

Selvadurai, S. 1978. Agriculture in Peninsular Malaysia. Bulletin, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Malaysia 148, 233 pg.

Sena, Z. F. da, and H. dos R. Campos. 1975. Frequência de irrigação no cultivo da mandioca, Manihot esculenta, Crantz. Cruz das Almas, Brasil: Univ. Federal da Bahia, Escola de Agronomia/BRASCAN Nordeste. Série Pesquisas 1(1):21–38.

Shanmugam, A., and K. G. Shanamugavelu. 1974. Influence of ethrel on growth and yield of tapioca. Indian J. of Plant Physiology 17(1–2):44–6.

Shanmugan, A., and C. Srinivasan. 1973. Yield increasing techniques for tapioca and sweet potato. Rural India 37(7–8):125–126.

Shanmugan, A., S. Thamburaj, and C. R. Muthukrishnan. 1974. Effect of 2, 3, 5-triiodo benzoic acid (TIBA) on tapioca, Manihot esculenta, Crantz. Madras Agricultural J. 61(10/12):1007–1008.

Shanmugavelu, K. G., et al. 1973. Effect of certain growth regulants on tapioca. South Indian Horticulture 21(3):119–122.

Shanmugavelu, K. G., S. Thamburaj, A. Thamugam, and A. Gopala Swany. 1973. Effects of time of planting and irrigation frequencies on the yield of tapioca. Indian J. Agricultural Science 43:789–791.

Silva, J. R. da. 1970. O programa de investigação sôbre mandioca no Brasil. Encontro de Engenheiros - Agronômos Pesquisadores de Mandioca dos Paises Andinos e do Estado de São Paulo, 1o, 59–72. Campinas, Brasil: Instituto Agronômico do Estado de São Paulo.

Simoes, R. M. A. 1953. Comentário do mapa da produção de mandioca no Estado do Bahia. Boletim Geográfico 2(112):84–86. Brasil.

Sinha, S. K. 1973. Further studies on the mechanism of tuberization in Manihot esculenta. Indian J. of Plant Physiology 16(1–2):84–88.

Sinha, S. K., and T. V. R. Nair. 1971. Indian J. of Genetics and Plant Breeding 31:16.

Sistema de produção para mandioca. 1975. Rio Preto, Brasil: Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária. Série Circular 48. 12 pg.

Smith, B. C. G. 1970. East African Agriculture and Forest J. 35:319.

Statistics for Planning, 1 Agriculture. 1972. Trivandrum, India: State Planning Board.

Suarez, A., and L. H. Davis. 1962. Un plan para el desarrollo de la producción de yuca en la Costa Atlántica. STACA.

Takyi, S. K. 1974a. Effects of nitrogen, planting method and seed bed type on yield of cassava, Manihot esculenta, Crantz. Ghana J. of Agricultural Science 7(2):69–73.

Takyi, S. K. 1974b. Fertilizer planting date and growth period effects on yields of cassava, Manihot esculenta, Crantz, in three ecological zones in Ghana. Ghana J. of Agricultural Science 7(3):185–190.

Tan, K. 1973. The tapioca industry in Malaysia. Ph.D. dissertation. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: Univ. Malaysia.

Tardieu, M., and J. Fauche. 1961. Contribution to the study of cultural practices in cassava growing. Agron. Trop. 16:375–386.

Terry, E. R., K. A. Oduro, and F. Caveness, eds. 1981. Tropical root crops: Research strategies for the 1980s. Proceedings of the First Triennial Root Crops Symposium of the International Society for Tropical Root Crops - Africa Branch, 8–12 September 1980, Ibadan, Nigeria. Ottawa, Canada: International Development Research Centre. IDRC-063. 279 pg.

Thailand, Department of Agriculture, Division of Research. 1970. Annual Report for 1969, 76–77. Bangkok.

Thawee-Chinthatum. 1973. Cost of cassava production processing and trade. Bangkok, Thailand: Ministry of Agriculture.

Thung, M., and J. H. Cock. 1979b. Planting date, plant population and genotypes as factors in cassava beans association. Field Crops Research.

Tidbury, G. E. 1937. A note on the yield of mosaic diseased cassava. East African Agricultural J. 3:119–121.

Tonghan, A., et al. 1975. Effect of harvesting time after stem cutting on yield and quality of cassava. Thailand Department of Agriculture, Division of Field Crops. Cassava Research Summary.

Tonghan, A., et al. 1977. Effect of the time between removal of the aerial part of the cassava plant and harvesting of the roots on yield quality. Thailand Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperations. Division Field Crops 32–33.

Toro, J. C. 1975. Método de propagación de yuca. Curso sobre producción de yuca, 191–199. Medellín, Colombia: Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario, Regional 4.

Toro, J. C. 1979. Field Crops Research 2:291.

Toro, J. C., A. Castro M., and E. Celis A. 1976. Selección y preparación de material para siembra de yuca. Curso sobre producción de yuca, 197–204. Cali, Colombia: CIAT.

Toro, J. C., and C. B. Atlee. 1980. Agronomic practices for cassava production: A literature review. Cassava cultural practices, ed. by E. J. Weber, J.C . Toro, and M. Graham, 13–28. Ottawa, Canada: IDRC.

Tribuzi, H. S. 1963. Trabalho completo sobre a cultura racional da mandioca. Sitios e Fazendas 29(12):22–24.

Triplique su producción de yuca por el método más sencillo. 1948. Agricultura Tropical 4(3):15–16. Colombia.

Tulalamba, Pol., and Major General Mora. 1970. Tapioca production problems. The Thai Tapioca Trade Association Yearbook, 1968–1969. Bangkok, Thailand.

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development/General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (UNCTAD/GATT). 1977. Cassava: Export potential and market requirements. Geneva: United Nations.

Varon C. L. A., and J. J. Gartner G. n.d. Cultivo de la yuca. Palmira, Colombia: Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias. 8 pg.

Varon C. L. A., and J. J. Gartner G. 1972. Yuca: Generalidades y técnicas de cultivo. Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario, curso intensivo del cultivo de yuca, 3–13. Palmira, Colombia: Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias. 8 pg.

Vega, F. E., et al. 1968. Calendario para el cultivo de la yuca. Caja de Crédito Agrario, Industrial y Minero. Bogotá: Calendario Agrícola.

Verteuil, J. de. 1917. Cassava experiments. Trinidad and Tobago Agricultural Bulletin 16(1):18–21.

Von Bulow, J. F. W. 1968. Factores de produção de mandioca, Manihot esculenta, Crantz, 1766. Universidade Federal Rural do Rio Janeiro.

Vries, C. A. de, J. D. Ferwerda, and M. Flach. 1967. Choice of food crops in relation to actual and potential production in tropics. Netherlands J. of Agricultural Science 15:241–248.

Wade, M. K., and P. A. Sanchez. 1976. Multiple cropping experiment. Agronomic-economic research on tropical soils. Annual Report for 1975, 137–152. Raleigh, N.C.:N.C. State Univ., Soil Science Department.

Walker, A. 1951. Un aliment de famine: l’écorse de manioc. Revue International de Bot. Appl. et d’Agric. Tropical 31:542.

Walter, H. 1966b. National Department of Agricultural Research Ibadan. Quarterly Research Bulletin 16, 40.

Weber, E. J., J. C. Toro, and M. Graham, eds. 1980. Cassava cultural practices. Proceedings of a workshop held in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, 18–21 March 1980. Ottawa, Canada: International Research Development Centre.

Wheatley, C. C., J. C. Lozano, J. Marriott, and W. W. Schwabe. 1983. Preharvest environmental effects on cassava root susceptibility to postharvest physiological deterioration. 6th Symposium of the International Society for Tropical Root Crops (ISTRC), Lima, Peru, 21–26 February 1983, 6:419–443.

Wholey, D. W., and J. H. Cock. 1973. A rapid method of the propagation of cassava. Paper presented at the 3rd International Symposium on Tropical Root Crops, 2–9 Dec. 1973, Ibadan, Nigeria.

Wholey, D. W., and J. H. Cock. 1974. Onset and rate of root bulking in cassava. Experimental Agriculture 10:193–198.

Wholey, D. W., and J. H. Cock. 1975. Rooted shoots for physiological experiments with cassava. Tropical Agriculture 52(2):187–189. Trinidad.

Wholey, D. W., and R. H. Booth. 1979. Influence of variety and planting density on starch accumulation in cassava roots. J. of the Science of Food and Agriculture 30:165–170.

Williams, C. N. 1971. Experimental Agriculture 7:49.

Williams, C. N. 1972. Growth and productivity of tapioca, Manihot utilissima. III. Crop ration, spacing and yield. Experimental Agriculture 8(1):15–23.

Williams, C. N. 1974. Growth and productivity of tapioca, Manihot utilissima. IV. Development and yield of tubers. Experimental Agriculture 10:9–16.

Williams, C. N. 1975. The agronomy of the major tropical crops. Oxford, U. K.: Oxford Univ. Press.

Williams, C. N., and S. M. Ghazali. 1969. Growth and productivity of tapioca, Manihot utilissima. I. Leaf characteristics and yield. Experimental Agriculture 5(3):182–194.

Wollenberg, Lini. 1982. An analysis of the adaptability of manioc to socio-ecological conditions in Africa. Unpublished ms.

World cassava production trends 1948–1969. 1971. Cali, Colombia: CIAT.

Wrigley, G. 1961. Tropical agriculture. London: Batsford Ltd.

Yabanzavo, Mazeya. 1982. Cassava production and marketing in the Cataractes District of Zaïre. M.S. thesis. Athens, Ga: Univ. of Georgia.

1973 Report: Root and tuber improvement program. 1973. Ibadan, Nigeria: IITA. Cali, Colombia: CIAT. 93 pg.