Kenneth S. Olson
[HOME] [CV] [CURRENT RESEARCH] [PUBLICATIONS] [IPA ILLUSTRATIONS] [PERSONAL]The Illustrations of the IPA are a series of short articles in the Journal of the International Phonetic Association (JIPA) that exemplify the use of the symbols in the International Phonetic Alphabet. Each IPA Illustration describes the consonants, vowels, and prosodic features of the language, and provides a short text in the language, usually the well-known fable The North Wind and the Sun (attributed to Aesop). The Illustrations published in JIPA up through 1997 are also published in the Handbook of the International Phonetic Association (Cambridge University Press, 1999). Below is a list of languages for which an Illustration of the IPA exists.
To access the International Phonetic Association website, click here.
ISO 639–3 language codes are included for reference. Each language code link takes you to a brief description of the language found in the sixteenth edition of Ethnologue: Languages of the World, ed. by M. Paul Lewis (SIL International, 2009). To access the Ethnologue online, click here.
Audio recordings of the data in the Illustrations of the IPA from the Handbook can be downloaded free of charge. To access them, click here. Access to the recordings for Illustrations published in JIPA require a subscription to the journal.
| Language Name | ISO 639–3 Code | Reference |
| Amharic | [amh] | Hayward, Katrina & Richard J. Hayward. 1999. Handbook, 45–50. |
| Apache, Jicarilla | [apj] | Tuttle, Siri G. & Merton Sandoval. 2002. JIPA 32(1). 105–112. |
| Arabic | [arb] | Thelwall, Robin & M. Akram Sa'adeddin. 1999. Handbook, 51–54. |
| Arrernte, Central | [aer] | Breen, Gavan & Veronica Dobson. 2005. JIPA 35(2). 249–254. |
| Bulgarian | [bul] | Ternes, Elmar & Tatjana Vladimirova-Buhtz. 1999. Handbook, 55–57. |
| Burmese | [mya] | Watkins, Justin W. 2001. JIPA 31(2). 291–295. |
| Catalan | [cat] | Carbonell, Joan F. & Joaquim Llisterri. 1999. Handbook, 61–65. |
| Chickasaw | [cic] | Gordon, Matthew, Pamela Munro & Peter Ladefoged. 2001. JIPA 31(2). 287–290. |
| Chinese, Hakka | [hak] | Lee, Wai-Sum & Eric Zee. 2009. JIPA 39(1). 107–111. |
| Chinese (Hong Kong Cantonese) | [yue] | Zee, Eric. 1999. Handbook, 58–60. |
| Chinese, Standard (Beijing) | [cmn] | Lee, Wai-Sum & Eric Zee. 2003. JIPA 33(1). 109–112. |
| Chistabino (Pyrenean Aragonese) | [arg] | Mott, Brian. 2007. JIPA 37(1). 103–114. |
| Croatian | [hrv] | Landau, Ernestina, Mijo Lončarić, Damir Horga & Ivo Škarić. 1999. Handbook, 66–69. |
| Czech | [ces] | Dankovičová, Jana. 1999. Handbook, 70–73. |
| Danish | [dan] | Grønnum, Nina. 1998. JIPA 28(1–2). 99–105. |
| Dinka, Luanyjang | [dik] | Remijsen, Bert & Caguor Adong Manyang. 2009. JIPA 39(1). 113–124. |
| Dutch | [nld] | Gussenhoven, Carlos. 1999. Handbook, 74–77. |
| Dutch, Belgian Standard | [nld] | Verhoeven, Jo. 2005. JIPA 35(2). 243–247. |
| Dutch, dialect of Hasselt | [nld] | Peters, Jörg. 2006. JIPA 36(1). 117–124. |
| Dutch, dialect of Maastricht | [nld] | Gussenhoven, Carlos & Flor Aarts. 1999. JIPA 29(2). 155–166. |
| Dutch, dialect of Weert | [nld] | Heijmans, Linda & Garlos Gussenhoven. 1998. JIPA 28(1–2). 107–112. |
| Dutch, the Belgian Limburg dialect of Hamont | [nld] | Verhoeven, Jo. 2007. JIPA 37(2). 219–225. |
| Ega | [ega] | Connell, Bruce, Firmin Ahoua & Dafydd Gibbon. 2002. JIPA 32(1). 99–104. |
| English, American | [eng] | Ladefoged, Peter. 1999. Handbook, 41–44. |
| English, American: Southern Michigan | [eng] | Hillenbrand, James M. 2003. JIPA 33(1). 121–126. |
| English, Australian | [eng] | Cox, Felicity & Sallyanne Palethorpe. 2007. JIPA 37(3). 341–350. |
| English, British: Received pronunciation | [eng] | Roach, Peter. 2004. JIPA 34(2). 239–245. |
| English, Liverpool | [eng] | Watson, Kevin. 2007. JIPA 37(3). 351–360. |
| English, New Zealand | [eng] | Bauer, Laurie, Paul Warren, Dianne Bardsley, Marianna Kennedy & George Major. 2007. JIPA 37(1). 97–102. |
| English, Tyneside | [eng] | Watt, Dominic & William Allen. 2003. JIPA 33(2). 267–271. |
| Estonian | [est] | Asu, Eva Liina & Pire Teras. 2009. JIPA 39(3). 367–372. |
| French | [fra] | Fougeron, Cécile & Caroline L. Smith. 1999. Handbook, 78–81. |
| Friulian | [fur] | Miotti, Renzo. 2002. JIPA 32(2). 237–247. |
| Galician | [glg] | Regueira, Xosé L. 1999. Handbook, 82–85. |
| Gayo | [gay] | Eades, Domenyk & John Hajek. 2006. JIPA 36(1). 107–115. |
| Georgian, Standard | [kat] | Shosted, Ryan K. & Vakhtang Chikovani. 2006. JIPA 36(2). 255–264. |
| German | [deu] | Kohler, Klaus. 1999. Handbook, 86–89. |
| German, Zurich | [gsw] | Fleischer, Jürg & Stephan Schmid. 2006. JIPA 36(2). 243–253. |
| Greek, Cypriot | [ell] | Arvaniti, Amalia. 1999. JIPA 29(2). 173–178. |
| Greek, Standard Modern | [ell] | Arvaniti, Amalia. 1999. JIPA 29(2). 167–172. |
| Hausa | [hau] | Schuh, Russell G. & Lawan D. Yalwa. Handbook, 90–95. |
| Hebrew | [heb] | Laufer, Asher. 1999. Handbook, 96–99. |
| Hindi | [hin] | Ohala, Manjari. 1999. Handbook, 100–103. |
| Hungarian | [hun] | Szende, Tamás. 1999. Handbook, 104–107. |
| Ibibio | [ibb] | Urua, Eno-Abasi E. 2004. JIPA 34(1). 105–109. |
| Igbo | [ibo] | Ikekeonwu, Clara I. 1999. Handbook, 108–110. |
| Indonesian | [ind] | Soderberg, Craig D. & Kenneth S. Olson. 2008. JIPA 38(2). 209–213. |
| Irish | [gle] | Chasaide, Ailbhe Ní. 1999. Handbook, 111–116. |
| Italian | [ita] | Rogers, Derek & Luciana d’Arcangeli. 2004. JIPA 34(1). 117–121. |
| Italian: The sound pattern of Standard Italian, as compared with the varieties spoken in Florence, Milan and Rome | [ita] | Bertinetto, Pier Marco & Michele Loporcaro. 2005. JIPA 35(2). 131–151. |
| Jamaican Creole | [jam] | Harry, Otelemate G. 2006. JIPA 36(1). 125–131. |
| Japanese | [jpn] | Okada, Hideo. 1999. Handbook, 117–119. |
| Kabiye | [kbp] | Padayodi, Cécile M. 2008. JIPA 38(2). 215–221. |
| Kalaḅarị-Ịjọ | [ijn] | Harry, Otelemate G. 2003. JIPA 33(1). 113–120. |
| Kéo | [xxk] | Baird, Louise. 2002. JIPA 32(1). 93–97. |
| Korean | [kor] | Lee, Hyun Bok. 1999. Handbook, 120–123. |
| Kunama | [kun] | Ashkaba, John Abraha & Richard Hayward. 1999. JIPA 29(2). 179–185. |
| Mah Meri | [mhe] | Kruspe, Nicole & John Hajek. 2009. JIPA 39(2). 241–248. |
| Mambay | [mcs] | Anonby, Erik John. 2006. JIPA 36(2). 221–233. |
| Mavea | [mkv] | Guerin, Valerie & Katsura Aoyama. 2009. JIPA 39(2). 249–262. |
| Mono | [mnh] | Olson, Kenneth S. 2004. JIPA 34(2). 233–238. |
| Nara | [nrb] | Dawd, Abushush & Richard J. Hayward. 2002. JIPA 32(2). 249–255. |
| Nepali | [nep] | Khatiwada, Rajesh. 2009. JIPA 39(3). 373–380. |
| Nuuchahnulth | [noo] | Carlson, Barry F., John H. Esling & Katie Fraser. 2001. JIPA 31(2). 275–279. |
| Palula | [phl] | Liljegren, Henrick & Naseem Haider. 2009. JIPA 39(3). 381–386. |
| Persian (Farsi) | [pes] | Majidi, Mohammad-Reza & Elmar Ternes. 1999. Handbook, 124–125. |
| Polish | [pol] | Jassem, Wiktor. 2003. JIPA 33(1). 103–107. |
| Portuguese (European) | [por] | Cruz-Ferreira, Madalena. 1999. Handbook, 126–130. |
| Portuguese, Brazilian | [por] | Barbosa, Plínio A. & Eleonora C. Albano. 2004. JIPA 34(2). 227–232. |
| Quichua, Salasaca | [qxl] | Chango Masaquiza, Fanny & Stephen A. Marlett. 2008. JIPA 38(2). 223–227. |
| Seri | [sei] | Marlett, Stephen A., F. Xavier Moreno Herrera & Genaro G. Herrera Astorga. 2005. JIPA 35(1). 117–121. |
| Shipibo | [shp] | Valenzuela, Pilar M., Luis Márquez Pinedo (Yoi Sani) & Ian Maddieson. 2001. JIPA 31(2). 281–285. |
| Sindhi | [snd] | Nihalani, Paroo. 1999. Handbook, 131–134. |
| Slovene | [slv] | Šuštaršič, Rastislav & Smiljana Komar. 1999. Handbook, 135–139. |
| Spanish, Castilian | [spa] | Martínez-Celdrán, Eugenio, Ana Ma. Fernández-Planas & Josefina Carrera-Sabaté. 2003. JIPA 33(2). 255–260. |
| Spokane | [spo] | Carlson, Barry F. & John H. Esling. 2000. JIPA 30(1/2). 97–102. |
| Sandawe | [sad] | Eaton, Helen. 2006. JIPA 36(2). 235–242. |
| Swedish | [swe] | Engstrand, Olle. 1999. Handbook, 140–142. |
| Taba | [mky] (East Makian) | Bowden, John & John Hajek. 1999. Handbook, 143–146. |
| Tamambo | [mla]? | Riehl, Anastasia K. & Dorothy Jauncey. JIPA 35(2). 255–259. |
| Tamil | [tam] | Keane, Elinor. 2004. JIPA 34(1). 111–116. |
| Tera | [ttr] | Tench, Paul. 2007. JIPA 37(2). 227–234. |
| Thai | [tha] | Tingsabadh, M. R. Kalaya & Arthur S. Abramson. 1999. Handbook, 147–150. |
| Tukang Besi | [khc] (Tukang Besi North) | Donohue, Mark. 1999. Handbook, 151–153. |
| Turkish | [tur] | Zimmer, Karl & Orhan Orgun. 1999. Handbook, 154–156. |
| Yiddish, Standard | [ydd] (Eastern Yiddish) | Kleine, Ane. 2003. JIPA 33(2). 261–265. |
| Yine | [pib] | Urquía Sebastián, Rittma & Stephen A. Marlett. 2008. JIPA 38(3). 365–369. |
| Zapotec, Tilquiapan | [zts] | Merrill, Elizabeth D. 2008. JIPA 38(1). 107–114. |
The largest languages that at present do not have an Illustration of the IPA are:
| Language Name | Language Code | Countries |
| Bengali | [ben] | Bangladesh |
| Bihari | [bho] (Bhojpuri), [mag] (Magahi), [mai] (Maithili) | India |
| Javanese | [jav] | Indonesia |
| Punjabi | [pnb] (Western Panjabi), [pan] (Eastern Panjabi) | Pakistan, India |
| Russian | [rus] | Russia |
| Telugu | [tel] | India |
| Ukrainian | [ukr] | Ukraine |